Loading the evidence…
Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17beta-estradiol Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Other +7 | 201999–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetaminophen and mannitol Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (target CHEMBL2094253); FAAH inhibitor (CHEMBL2243), which also generates the active metabolite AM404; AM404 opens the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 (CHEMBL4794). Black box warning (hepatotoxicity). Mannitol is the co-formulated excipient/stabiliser in the paracetamol-mannitol injection. | Crush · Other | 22016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetazolamide Carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase XII inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase IV inhibitor | TBI · Other | 32011–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK agonist AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (ACTIVATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. ATC C01EB13. Max phase 3, never approved (first_approval null); USAN 1992. | Other · TBI | 22016–2018 | Not approved | |
| Anti-C5a neutralising antibody, C5a receptor antagonist, and the thrombin inhibitor hirudin Thrombin inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | TBI · Other | 32013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Atorvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · Other +3 | 62005–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Cimetidine and elcatonin Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +2 | 51982–1989 | No trauma translation | |
| Co-ultramicronised palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (co-ultraPEALut, 10:1) Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide + luteolin (PEA-LUT); PEA is a PPAR-alpha-active fatty acid amide | Spinal cord injury · Fracture +1 | 32015–2017 | Not approved | |
| Curcumin Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +7 | 262002–2020 | Not approved | |
| Cyclosporin A Cyclophilin A modulator | TBI · Burn +4 | 71996–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Dexamethasone sodium phosphate Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) - taken from parent dexamethasone CHEMBL384467; no MoA record on the salt entry | Other · TBI +1 | 32013–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Dextromethorphan Sigma opioid receptor agonist (AGONIST); glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon 1 (GluN2A) antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | TBI · Other | 22011–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Diazoxide KATP channel opener (OPENER) at KCNJ11 and KCNJ8; direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Other · TBI | 22012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Diclofenac Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (action type INHIBITOR; direct interaction, disease efficacy) | Chemical/toxin · Other +2 | 41983–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Dimethyl sulfoxide Mechanism of action recorded in ChEMBL as 'Unknown'; approved intravesically for interstitial cystitis. | Wound · Other +2 | 41986–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Dimethylfumarate and carnosol (Nrf2 activators) Alkylates Keap1 to prevent interaction with Nrf2 (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | Chemical/toxin · Wound +1 | 32014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Doxycycline Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitor (16S rRNA binding site); also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8 and MMP-13, which ChEMBL notes is the primary action at concentrations reached in the human body | Other · TBI +3 | 72011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Etanercept TNF-alpha inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 92007–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| FK-506 (tacrolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A) inhibitor; calcineurin/immunophilin immunosuppressive pathway | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 72011–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Fluoxetine Serotonin transporter inhibitor (INHIBITOR; reuptake inhibitor); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Other | 52013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Gabapentin Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator (MODULATOR; direct interaction; alpha2delta-1 binding site) | Spinal cord injury · Other | 32010–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Radiation +6 | 152006–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Huperzine A Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | TBI · Spinal cord injury +1 | 32012–2017 | Not approved | |
| Hyaluronan of differing molecular weights and concentrations, best outcomes with high molecular weight (3000 kDa) hyaluronan No mechanism record retrieved; ChEMBL molecule_type Unknown. ATC M09AX01, S01KA01, D03AX05, R01AX09. | Crush · Other +1 | 32016–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Hydralazine hydrochloride Mode of action not fully understood; it seems to interfere with calcium release, leading to vasodilation | Spinal cord injury · Other | 31980–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Ibudilast Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor: PDE4, PDE3A, PDE10A and PDE5A inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction); also active against PDE11 | TBI · Other +1 | 42011–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Ibuprofen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | TBI · Wound +1 | 51985–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST; direct interaction) | Fracture · TBI +5 | 102010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Ketamine Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator (NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | Spinal cord injury · Other +4 | 92011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| L-NAME Drug | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Spinal cord injury +4 | 31997–2017 | Not approved | |
| Lacosamide Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit blocker (enhances slow inactivation) | TBI · Other | 32013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Levetiracetam MODULATOR of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A); BLOCKER of voltage-gated N-type calcium channel alpha-1B subunit. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42006–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Lidocaine BLOCKER of the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit (local anaesthetic; also class Ib antiarrhythmic). | Other · Wound +3 | 41990–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1, alprostadil in lipid microsphere formulation) Prostanoid EP1 receptor agonist; Prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist (AGONIST) | Wound · Other | 22012–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Luteolin No ChEMBL mechanism-of-action table record. Natural flavone (natural product flag true), max_phase 2. | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion +1 | 32013–2017 | Not approved | |
| Melatonin Melatonin receptor agonist (AGONIST); active at MT1, MT2 and MT3 receptors, MT1/MT2 most relevant; sleep promoting activity. | Chemical/toxin · Other +8 | 242003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Methylprednisolone Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +4 | 131987–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Minocycline Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitor (INHIBITOR; binding site 16S rRNA) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 152003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| MK-801 (dizocilpine) and sumatriptan Drug | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion +1 | 42014–2016 | Not approved | |
| Neuregulin-1 Biologic | Spinal cord injury · Other +1 | 42015–2018 | Not approved | |
| Omeprazole Potassium-transporting ATPase inhibitor (gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump); alpha subunit is likely binding site | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 31987–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker (BLOCKER); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | TBI · Other | 22010–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Photobiomodulation therapy (810 nm laser) with or without meloxicam Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, preferential COX-2 inhibitor (from ChEMBL compound record and ATC M01AC06; get_mechanism was not called this run). | Spinal cord injury · Other | 22014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Platelet-derived growth factor BB in gelatin hydrogel sheets Platelet-derived growth factor receptor agonist (AGONIST) | Other · Wound +1 | 42012–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Progesterone Progesterone receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 81999–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| PTH(1-34), teriparatide Parathyroid hormone receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction; recombinant hPTH(1-34) | Fracture · Other | 22015–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Puerarin Nutraceutical | Other · Spinal cord injury +3 | 62013–2020 | Not approved | |
| Rapamycin (sirolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +3 | 152010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) Erythropoietin receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +7 | 222004–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Resveratrol Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +7 | 192003–2020 | Not approved |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.