Loading the evidence…
Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Nutraceutical | Wound · Fracture +2 | 42013–2019 | Not approved | |
| [Pyr1]apelin-13 ChEMBL record is the generic peptide APELIN (molecule_type Unknown, structure_type NONE, max_phase 2); it is NOT specific to the [Pyr1]apelin-13 isoform. get_mechanism was NOT called for this record within the run time budget, so moa_list is empty by omission rather than by a negative result. | Spinal cord injury | 12016 | Not approved | |
| 17-beta-estradiol 3-benzoate and tamoxifen Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | Not approved | |
| 17beta-estradiol Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Other +7 | 201999–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive Skin adhesive | Wound | 12020 | Not approved | |
| 2,3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH) Drug | TBI · Burn | 22011–2018 | Not approved | |
| 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide (DP) and pomalidomide (Pom) Cereblon (CRBN) modulator / immunomodulatory imide (IMiD). | TBI | 22016–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| 4-Aminopyridine Voltage-gated potassium channel blocker (BLOCKER, direct interaction) | Crush · Spinal cord injury | 41995–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| 5% hypertonic saline; 20% mannitol Unknown | TBI | 22001–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| 6-hydroxydopamine chemical sympathectomy, timolol, isoepinephrine, tamsulosin, SB 225002, and neutralising anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies Drug | Wound | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Acetaminophen and mannitol Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (target CHEMBL2094253); FAAH inhibitor (CHEMBL2243), which also generates the active metabolite AM404; AM404 opens the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 (CHEMBL4794). Black box warning (hepatotoxicity). Mannitol is the co-formulated excipient/stabiliser in the paracetamol-mannitol injection. | Crush · Other | 22016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetazolamide Carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase XII inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase IV inhibitor | TBI · Other | 32011–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) Acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into mitochondrial matrices during fatty acid oxidation; crosses the blood-brain barrier and has reported neuroprotective, neuromodulatory and neurotrophic activity; shows nicotinic action at the neuromuscular junction and competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase. | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Spinal cord injury | 22012–2019 | Not approved | |
| Acteoside from cistanche tea and its metabolites hydroxytyrosol, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and caffeic acid Nutraceutical | Endotoxin/LPS · Wound +1 | 32010–2019 | Not approved | |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Drug | Chemical/toxin · Wound | 22017–2020 | Not approved | |
| AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK agonist AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (ACTIVATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. ATC C01EB13. Max phase 3, never approved (first_approval null); USAN 1992. | Other · TBI | 22016–2018 | Not approved | |
| Allicin (allitride injection) Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Endotoxin/LPS +1 | 32015–2019 | Not approved | |
| Alpha-lipoic acid and resveratrol, alone and in combination Nutraceutical | Radiation · TBI | 32015–2020 | Not approved | |
| Amiloride Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, ENaC blocker (BLOCKER) | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Ampakine CX717 Ampakine; AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator (no ChEMBL mechanism record). | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Amphetamine; atomoxetine; amantadine Composite entry covering three agents. ChEMBL identity recorded for the first-listed agent (amphetamine, CHEMBL405, first approval 1955, black box warning). Co-listed agents: atomoxetine CHEMBL641 (first approval 2002, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) and amantadine CHEMBL660 (first approval 1968, NMDA receptor antagonist and influenza A M2 inhibitor). No ChEMBL mechanism record returned for amphetamine itself. | TBI | 12016 | No trauma translation | |
| Anisodamine combined with neostigmine (500:1 ratio) ChEMBL holds NO mechanism record for anisodamine (get_mechanism returned zero rows), so no molecular target is asserted for the anisodamine component. The neostigmine component resolves separately to CHEMBL278020 NEOSTIGMINE (max_phase 4, first approval 2013, ATC N07AA01/N07AA51/S01EB06), an acetylcholinesterase INHIBITOR, target CHEMBL220 (ChEMBL mec_id 737). PARTIAL identity covering the two components individually, NOT the 500:1 fixed combination. | Crush | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Anti-C5a neutralising antibody, C5a receptor antagonist, and the thrombin inhibitor hirudin Thrombin inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | TBI · Other | 32013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Apocynin No mechanism_of_action record in ChEMBL for CHEMBL346919. NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition is literature-reported, not asserted by the ChEMBL MoA table. | Fracture · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42013–2017 | Not approved | |
| Arundic acid Drug | TBI | 12013 | Not approved | |
| Aspirin, with indomethacin and the selective COX-2 inhibitor SC-236 also tested Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true). ATC B01AC06, N02BA01, A01AD05. | Fracture | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Astaxanthin (ATX) EXACT ENTITY MATCH. CHEMBL1255871, max_phase 3, first_approval NULL (food-grade carotenoid, never a registered drug), natural_product=true, therapeutic_flag=false, not withdrawn. get_mechanism mec_id 9399 gives only a descriptive pharmacological class with target_chembl_id and action_type NULL IN CHEMBL ITSELF, so the empty target field is a genuine null rather than an omission. 5 of 10 raw trial hits were kept as genuinely astaxanthin-containing; REJECTED as term-collision or multi-ingredient false positives: NCT01647984 Ritmonutra, NCT07604870 and NCT06880939 krill oil, NCT01562080 Armolipid Plus, NCT04071977 undefined combined antioxidant therapy. Indications are diabetic neuropathy, male infertility, knee osteoarthritis, bioavailability and PCOS; NONE is a trauma indication. NCT05138549 is TERMINATED at n=16. | Burn | 12015 | Not approved | |
| Atorvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · Other +3 | 62005–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| AVL-3288 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha-7 subunit positive allosteric modulator (Type I PAM; direct interaction; disease efficacy true) | TBI | 12019 | Not approved | |
| AZD8797 CX3CR1 (fractalkine receptor) allosteric antagonist (no ChEMBL mechanism record). | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Baclofen GABA-B receptor agonist | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22013 | No trauma translation | |
| Bardoxolone methyl Semi-synthetic oleanane triterpenoid; ChEMBL holds three direct-interaction mechanisms, all disease-efficacy true: Keap1/Nrf2 inhibition (the mechanism invoked in the trauma literature, releasing NRF2 for antioxidant response element transcription), IKK-beta inhibition and PPAR-gamma antagonism. Max phase 3, never approved; the phase 3 BEACON diabetic CKD programme was terminated for excess heart-failure events and the Japanese AYAME phase 3 (NCT03550443) was also terminated. Trials retained from 35 matches spanning oncology, diabetic kidney disease, Alport syndrome and phase 1 pharmacology. | Crush | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Baricitinib delivered from an injectable PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermo-responsive hydrogel JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor. | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| Batroxobin Biologic | TBI | 12016 | Not approved | |
| beta-Carotene Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Radiation | 22014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Blood product or Hextend resuscitation with open or closed abdominal management during simulated aeromedical evacuation Procedure | Haemorrhage/shock · TBI | 22003–2019 | Not approved | |
| Boron derivatives: boric acid and sodium pentaborate pentahydrate, formulated as a hydrogel ATC S02AA03; inorganic, natural product and therapeutic flags set; max_phase 3, no first_approval recorded. get_mechanism was NOT called within the time budget, so moa_list is empty by OMISSION not by negative result. Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate was NOT separately searched and the hydrogel formulation has no ChEMBL entity, so this is a PARTIAL identity for boric acid only. All recorded trials are topical antimicrobial use in otomycosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis or eczema; NONE is a wound-healing or trauma indication. | Wound | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Bortezomib INHIBITOR of the 26S proteasome; binds the chymotrypsin-like (beta5/MB1, P28074) subunit. | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +1 | 32013–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Bosentan Endothelin receptor, ET-A/ET-B antagonist (ANTAGONIST; direct interaction; disease efficacy true) | Crush | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) Synaptosomal nerve-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) inhibitor; blocks acetylcholine release (INHIBITOR) | Burn · Radiation | 22012–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Bromelain Removal of necrotic tissue; mechanism not fully understood but thiol endopeptidases and escharase are present and may promote wound healing by removing necrotic tissue (FDA label) | Crush | 22011 | No trauma translation | |
| Bromovalerylurea Drug | TBI | 12018 | Failed | |
| Bumetanide; bicuculline; gabazine; muscimol; DIOA Loop diuretic; inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true). Indexed on bumetanide, the lead agent of this combination. Bicuculline, gabazine and DIOA are research-grade pharmacological tools without therapeutic ChEMBL drug records; muscimol exists separately as CHEMBL273481 (max_phase 1). Black box warning present. | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22016 | No trauma translation | |
| Buspirone Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor partial agonist | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| C1 esterase inhibitor (C1inh) EXOGENOUS PROTEIN; recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor replaces deficient plasma protease C1 inhibitor, restraining activation of the classical complement and contact (kallikrein-kinin) pathways. mec_id 9807, direct_interaction true, disease_efficacy true, ATC B06AC04, EMA Ruconest. | Burn | 12012 | No trauma translation | |
| Caffeine Adenosine receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | TBI | 42011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Calcipotriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue Vitamin D receptor agonist | Wound | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) Active vitamin D3; vitamin D receptor agonist. | Spinal cord injury · Wound +2 | 42015–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Calcium dobesilate (Doxium) Drug | Burn | 11985 | Not approved | |
| Candesartan and telmisartan Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22014–2015 | No trauma translation |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.