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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Nutraceutical | Wound · Fracture +2 | 42013–2019 | Not approved | |
| 17beta-estradiol Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Other +7 | 201999–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Drug | Chemical/toxin · Wound | 22017–2020 | Not approved | |
| Allicin (allitride injection) Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Endotoxin/LPS +1 | 32015–2019 | Not approved | |
| Bortezomib INHIBITOR of the 26S proteasome; binds the chymotrypsin-like (beta5/MB1, P28074) subunit. | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +1 | 32013–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) Active vitamin D3; vitamin D receptor agonist. | Spinal cord injury · Wound +2 | 42015–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Carbon monoxide-saturated saline (prepared by bubbling 50% carbon monoxide gas into saline) Drug | Chemical/toxin · Wound | 22016–2020 | Not approved | |
| Celecoxib Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction) | Wound · Chemical/toxin +1 | 11999–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Chloroquine Ferriprotoporphyrin IX inhibitor; Ferriprotoporphyrin IX binding agent | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI +2 | 51989–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Cimetidine and elcatonin Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +2 | 51982–1989 | No trauma translation | |
| Coenzyme Q10 plus trimetazidine Supplement | Chemical/toxin · Crush +1 | 32015–2018 | Not approved | |
| Crocetin (98% purity), the principal constituent of saffron Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · TBI | 22011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Crocin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Haemorrhage/shock | 32015–2020 | Not approved | |
| Cromolyn sodium Unknown | Wound · TBI +2 | 42010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Curcumin Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +7 | 262002–2020 | Not approved | |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Not fully established. Prasterone is an inactive endogenous steroid that is converted to active estrogens and androgens. | Fracture · Chemical/toxin | 22011–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Dexamethasone sodium phosphate Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) - taken from parent dexamethasone CHEMBL384467; no MoA record on the salt entry | Other · TBI +1 | 32013–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Diclofenac Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (action type INHIBITOR; direct interaction, disease efficacy) | Chemical/toxin · Other +2 | 41983–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Dimethylfumarate and carnosol (Nrf2 activators) Alkylates Keap1 to prevent interaction with Nrf2 (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | Chemical/toxin · Wound +1 | 32014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Docosahexaenoic acid Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 122011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Ebselen Antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase mimetic); no target_chembl_id assigned in ChEMBL | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 32014–2018 | Not approved | |
| Edaravone Unknown | Chemical/toxin · Ischaemia-reperfusion +6 | 62004–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Epidermal growth factor Biologic | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury +3 | 51989–2017 | Not approved | |
| FTY720 (fingolimod) Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist; Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding agent | Chemical/toxin · TBI +1 | 52014–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Glycyrrhizin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Haemorrhage/shock +3 | 62011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Radiation +6 | 152006–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Hemin (heme oxygenase-1 inducer) Drug | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +1 | 32013–2019 | Not approved | |
| Hesperidin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury | 32018–2020 | Not approved | |
| Hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr) Drug | Chemical/toxin · Haemorrhage/shock | 22018–2020 | Not approved | |
| Ketamine Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator (NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | Spinal cord injury · Other +4 | 92011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| L-arginine Drug | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury +2 | 52011–2017 | Not approved | |
| Medical ozone Procedure | Crush · Chemical/toxin | 22014–2017 | Not approved | |
| Melatonin Melatonin receptor agonist (AGONIST); active at MT1, MT2 and MT3 receptors, MT1/MT2 most relevant; sleep promoting activity. | Chemical/toxin · Other +8 | 242003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Methylene blue Drug | TBI · Chemical/toxin +1 | 52014–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Methylprednisolone Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +4 | 131987–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| NA101, a selective calpain-2 inhibitor; nilotinib, a brain-penetrant c-Abl inhibitor, tested separately Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL inhibitor; Bcr/Abl fusion protein inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | TBI · Chemical/toxin | 22016–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Neuregulin-1 Biologic | Spinal cord injury · Other +1 | 42015–2018 | Not approved | |
| Omeprazole Potassium-transporting ATPase inhibitor (gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump); alpha subunit is likely binding site | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 31987–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) and SCH527123 (CXCR2 antagonist), alongside serotonin-depleting tools p-chlorophenylalanine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine Selective 5-HT3a receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST, direct interaction) | TBI · Chemical/toxin | 32017–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Pioglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (AGONIST); direct interaction, disease efficacy true; thiazolidinedione insulin sensitiser. Black box warning present. | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 52016–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Probenecid Organic anion transporter (OAT1/OAT3/URAT1) inhibitor (INHIBITOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin | 22012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Progesterone Progesterone receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 81999–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Puerarin Nutraceutical | Other · Spinal cord injury +3 | 62013–2020 | Not approved | |
| Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) Erythropoietin receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +7 | 222004–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Resveratrol Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +7 | 192003–2020 | Not approved | |
| Simvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (INHIBITOR), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Chemical/toxin +7 | 152003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Sivelestat Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction) | Chemical/toxin · Burn +3 | 82007–2016 | Not approved | |
| Sodium butyrate Drug | Other · Chemical/toxin +1 | 32013–2015 | Not approved | |
| Tamoxifen Estrogen receptor alpha modulator (MODULATOR; mixed agonist/antagonist) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin | 22012–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| TBE-31 (bis(cyano enone) Nrf2 activator) in mice; sulforaphane-delivering extract in humans SPLIT ENTITY, handled explicitly. TBE-31: ChEMBL compound_search returned 0 hits, an EXPLICIT NEGATIVE RESULT; the synthetic bis(cyano enone) Nrf2 activator has no ChEMBL entry and no human trial. The human arm resolves instead to CHEMBL48802 SULFORAPHANE, max_phase 3, first_approval NULL, natural_product=true, therapeutic_flag=false, not withdrawn (stereoisomer L-sulforaphane = CHEMBL1627201, max_phase 2). get_mechanism returned 0 records for CHEMBL48802, so the empty moa_list and target are an EXPLICIT NEGATIVE RESULT, not an omission: ChEMBL holds no curated Nrf2/KEAP1 mechanism for sulforaphane despite that being its accepted mode of action. All 10 recorded trials give sulforaphane or broccoli sprout extract; indications are cancer chemoprevention (prostate, pancreas, bladder, melanoma), chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes and skin ageing, NONE a trauma indication. NCT03517995 is WITHDRAWN at 0 enrolment and NCT02404428 TERMINATED at n=5. | Radiation · Spinal cord injury +2 | 42012–2018 | Not approved |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.