Preclinical evidence 6
6 studies reported at therapy level; 6 evidence entries itemised.
RatHaemorrhage/shockUnspecifiedSprague-Dawley and WistarMaleIntraperitoneal (in vivo)10-100 microM (slice cultures)After haemorrhage
Model: Intracerebral haemorrhage (type IV collagenase injection into striatum); thrombin slice cultures
Glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, attenuated brain oedema, neuronal loss and behavioural deficits after intracerebral haemorrhage in rats.
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MouseRadiationBALB/cMale
Model: 7 Gy gamma irradiation producing gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome with gut bacteria-associated sepsis
Glycyrrhizin completely controlled mortality in mice exposed to 7 Gy, minimised bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis, and prevented M2b macrophage polarisation in mesenteric lymph node macrophages.
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MouseTBIControlled cortical impactC57BL/6MaleIntraperitoneal50 mg/kg1 h before traumatic brain injury or sham surgery
Model: Moderate controlled impact traumatic brain injury in the paediatric mouse
Glycyrrhizin lowered brain HMGB1 and oedema at 3 days and prevented short-term spatial memory and motor learning deficits and apparent hippocampal microglial reactivity, but did not reduce evoked seizure severity, the proportion of animals with chronic spontaneous seizures, or cortical tissue loss.
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RatChemical/toxinSprague-DawleyMalen = 6 per groupIntravenous bolus1, 3 or 10 mg/kg in 1 mL normal salinePretreatment, immediately before starting the total parenteral nutrition infusi…
Model: Total parenteral nutrition-associated acute liver injury induced by intravenous Kabiven infusion at 20 mL/kg/h for 3 h under urethane anaesthesia (1 g/kg intraperitoneally)
Glycyrrhizin pretreatment dose-dependently normalised AST, ALT, total bilirubin and triglyceride, restored normal hepatocyte counts (zone 1: 310 +/- 18 at 10 mg/kg vs 204 +/- 14 with total parenteral nutrition alone and 408 +/- 12 in controls), reduced cleaved caspase-3 positive hepatocytes and low…
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MouseIschaemia-reperfusionOther / unspecifiedC57BL/6FemaleIntravitreal injection120 micromol/L in 2 microlitresImmediately after induction of ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Model: Acute glaucoma modelled by anterior chamber cannulation of the right eye with a 30-gauge needle and Balanced Salt Solution infusion raising intraocular pressure to 70 mmHg for 60 min, producing retinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury and retinal ganglion cell death; left eye served as control
HMGB1 rose in ischaemic retina from 6 h and peaked at 48 h. Exogenous recombinant HMGB1 worsened retinal thinning and retinal ganglion cell loss and increased cleaved caspase-8, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 processing, phospho-NF-kappaB p65 and IL-1beta, whereas the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid reduc…
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RatChemical/toxinWistarMaleOral50 and 100 mg/kg body weight
Model: Intratracheal instillation of benzo(a)pyrene causing acute lung injury
Glycyrrhizic acid suppressed caspase activities in lung tissue, lowered lavage total protein, cell counts, elastase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, restored phospholipid content and improved histology after benzo(a)pyrene exposure.
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