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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enoxaparin Antithrombin-III activator (ACTIVATOR); inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin III, which then binds factor Xa; low-molecular-weight heparin. Black box warning (spinal/epidural haematoma). | TBI · Spinal cord injury | 52000–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Epidermal growth factor Biologic | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury +3 | 51989–2017 | Not approved | |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline), an adrenergic receptor agonist Adrenergic receptor agonist (alpha and beta) (AGONIST) | Spinal cord injury | 12016 | No trauma translation | |
| Eritoran tetrasodium (E5564) Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 antagonist (ANTAGONIST). Competes with LPS for binding to the TLR4 receptor complex, blocking NF-kB activation and production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and IL6; binds the hydrophobic pocket of the MD2 portion of the TLR4 complex. | Haemorrhage/shock | 12014 | Not approved | |
| Erlotinib; rapamycin (sirolimus) as a second active arm Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (EGFR) inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction; disease efficacy). ATC L01EB02. | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Estrone Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST) | TBI | 12012 | No trauma translation | |
| Etanercept TNF-alpha inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 92007–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Etazolate GABA receptor beta-3 subunit positive allosteric modulator (POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR; direct_interaction true, disease_efficacy true; mec_id 5214) | TBI | 12012 | Not approved | |
| Ethanol Drug | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock | 82012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Ethosuximide and phenytoin Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel blocker | TBI | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Ethyl pyruvate Drug | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock +1 | 52011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) compared with acetaminophen Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | Fracture | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Exendin-4 (exenatide) GLP-1 receptor agonist (ChEMBL mec_id 60, AGONIST, direct interaction, FDA label ref). Synthetic exendin-4, a 39-amino-acid incretin mimetic originally isolated from Heloderma suspectum venom. ATC A10BJ01. Black box warning (thyroid C-cell tumours, extended-release form). | Burn · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Exherin (ADH-1), an N-cadherin-blocking synthetic peptide; plus AAV6-Cre and AAV6-CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA for local N-cadherin (Cdh2) ablation N-cadherin (CDH2) antagonist; cyclic pentapeptide vascular-targeting agent (ChEMBL has no explicit mechanism record). Combination also includes AAV6-Cre and CRISPR/Cas9 for Cdh2 ablation. | Wound | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Factor XIII No ChEMBL mechanism record returned for catridecacog. | Haemorrhage/shock | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| FG-4592 (roxadustat) HIF prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor; stimulates erythropoiesis. | Wound | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles embedded in a hyaluronan and methylcellulose (HAMC) hydrogel Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 agonist | Wound · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42012–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| FK-506 (tacrolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A) inhibitor; calcineurin/immunophilin immunosuppressive pathway | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 72011–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) NAMPT inhibitor (INHIBITOR), direct interaction | TBI | 12015 | Not approved | |
| Flufenamic acid Fenamate NSAID (cyclooxygenase inhibitor; TRP/ion channel modulator); no ChEMBL mechanism record. | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | Not approved | |
| Fluoxetine Serotonin transporter inhibitor (INHIBITOR; reuptake inhibitor); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Other | 52013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Formoterol Long-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (direct interaction, disease efficacy; FDA label reference), raising intracellular cAMP. Beyond bronchodilation, the beta-2/cAMP/PGC-1alpha axis drives mitochondrial biogenesis, which is the property invoked in the trauma and acute-injury literature. ATC R03AC13 and R03CC15; USAN stem -terol. The R,R-enantiomer arformoterol (CHEMBL1363) was approved separately in 2006. | TBI | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| FTY720 (fingolimod) Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist; Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding agent | Chemical/toxin · TBI +1 | 52014–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Fucoxanthin Nutraceutical | Haemorrhage/shock | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Gabapentin Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator (MODULATOR; direct interaction; alpha2delta-1 binding site) | Spinal cord injury · Other | 32010–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Galantamine Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22017–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Glatiramer acetate Contains components of myelin basic protein and may act as a decoy for the immune response | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Glibenclamide Sulfonylurea receptor 1, Kir6.2 blocker (BLOCKER; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 62010–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Glucose (exogenous energy substrate) No mechanism-of-action record in ChEMBL (metabolic substrate rather than target-directed agent) | TBI | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Glycyrrhizin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Haemorrhage/shock +3 | 62011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Radiation +6 | 152006–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) AGONIST of the GM-CSF receptor (alpha subunit binding site); direct interaction with disease efficacy. | Spinal cord injury | 12017 | No trauma translation | |
| Haloperidol; quetiapine Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) and D2-like dopamine receptor inverse agonist (INVERSE AGONIST); both direct interactions with disease efficacy true. | TBI | 12016 | No trauma translation | |
| Hemin (heme oxygenase-1 inducer) Drug | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +1 | 32013–2019 | Not approved | |
| Hepatocyte growth factor Drug | Wound · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 111993–2009 | Not approved | |
| Hesperidin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury | 32018–2020 | Not approved | |
| Hexadimethrine bromide (HDMBr) Drug | Chemical/toxin · Haemorrhage/shock | 22018–2020 | Not approved | |
| High molecular weight hyaluronic acid hydrogel (crosslinked) Crosslinked high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (hylan G-F 20, marketed as Synvisc) used as a viscosupplement/viscoelastic matrix; ChEMBL max_phase 3, no mechanism-of-action record. ChEMBL also holds the generic parent entity CHEMBL5314376 HYALURONIC ACID (max_phase 4, ATC S01KA51) and CHEMBL4594244 HYALURONATE SODIUM (max_phase 4, ATC M09AX01/S01KA01/D03AX05/R01AX09); get_mechanism for CHEMBL5314376 returned zero mechanisms, consistent with a physical/viscoelastic rather than receptor-mediated mode of action. | Spinal cord injury | 12011 | Not approved | |
| HOE 140 (icatibant) Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | Wound · Spinal cord injury | 22014–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Human adrenomedullin (AM) plus AM binding protein-1 (AMBP-1) Biologic | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI | 22011–2013 | Not approved | |
| Human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) ChEMBL mechanism record: replacement therapy with immunomodulatory effects (EMA Privigen EPAR). No single molecular target assigned. Black box warning present; approved 2006. | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Human plasma-based fibrin matrix used as the culture support for epidermal substitutes No ChEMBL mechanism record. Match is to the fibrin biomaterial itself, not to the cultured epidermal-substitute construct. | Wound | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Human plasminogen Fibrinogen hydrolytic enzyme | Wound · Burn | 22012–2014 | Not approved | |
| Human protein S Vitamin K-dependent protein S, exogenous protein replacement (EXOGENOUS PROTEIN, direct interaction) | TBI | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| Huperzine A Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | TBI · Spinal cord injury +1 | 32012–2017 | Not approved | |
| Hyaluronan of differing molecular weights and concentrations, best outcomes with high molecular weight (3000 kDa) hyaluronan No mechanism record retrieved; ChEMBL molecule_type Unknown. ATC M09AX01, S01KA01, D03AX05, R01AX09. | Crush · Other +1 | 32016–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Hydralazine hydrochloride Mode of action not fully understood; it seems to interfere with calcium release, leading to vasodilation | Spinal cord injury · Other | 31980–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Ibudilast Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor: PDE4, PDE3A, PDE10A and PDE5A inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction); also active against PDE11 | TBI · Other +1 | 42011–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Ibuprofen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | TBI · Wound +1 | 51985–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Icariin liposome (injectable, sustained release) Prenylated flavonoid glycoside from Epimedium. ChEMBL holds no mechanism-of-action record for icariin, so moa_list is empty. ChEMBL max_phase 3, natural product flag true, no approval. The liposomal sustained-release formulation is a preclinical delivery construct with no separate ChEMBL or trial entity; trials listed are for icariin or standardised Epimedium prenylflavonoid extract. | Crush | 12020 | Not approved |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.