Enoxaparin

Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury: Evidence for Activation and Inhibition of a Neural-Respiratory-Inflammasome Axis.

Model: Controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury with secondary acute lung injury, plus adoptive transfer of extracellular vesicles isolated from injured mice into recipient mice

Controlled cortical impact released extracellular vesicles containing inflammasome proteins into serum that targeted the lung and caused acute lung injury. Both enoxaparin and an anti-ASC monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited inflammasome activation in recipient lungs and improved acute lung…

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Enoxaparin Attenuates Acute Lung Injury and Inflammasome Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Model: Severe traumatic brain injury model with secondary acute lung injury

Severe traumatic brain injury increased caspase-1 and IL-1beta in brain and lung at 24 hours. Enoxaparin attenuated inflammasome protein expression in both organs and significantly decreased the acute lung injury score and neutrophil and macrophage infiltration.

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A concomitant bone fracture delays cognitive recovery from traumatic brain injury.

Model: Controlled cortical impact (left 4 mm craniotomy, 3 mm impactor tip, 6 m/s velocity, 1.0 mm cortical deformation) with or without a concomitant open right tibial diaphyseal fracture repaired by intramedullary fixation; sham craniotomy controls

A concomitant tibial fracture worsened Garcia Neurologic Test scores on days 2 to 4, slowed Morris water maze learning (escape latency 50.7 versus 30.3 s on day 17) and impaired probe trial memory (8.6 versus 22.7 s in sham), with more glial fibrillary acidic protein positive astrocytes in penumbra…

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Enoxaparin ameliorates post-traumatic brain injury edema and neurologic recovery, reducing cerebral leukocyte endothelial interactions and vessel permeability in vivo.

Model: Controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury through a left-sided 4 mm craniotomy, using a 3 mm impactor tip at 6 m/s velocity and 1 mm cortical deformation

Enoxaparin reduced leukocyte rolling from 72.7 (SD 28.3) to 30.6 (SD 18.3) leukocytes per 100 micrometres per minute (p = 0.02) and albumin leakage from 34.5 to 23.8 per cent (p = 0.047), reduced ipsilateral hemispheric water content (81.5 to 77.6 per cent, p less than 0.01) and improved Neurologic…

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Does enoxaparin interfere with HMGB1 signaling after TBI? A potential mechanism for reduced cerebral edema and neurologic recovery.

Model: Severe controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury, 4 mm craniotomy, 6 m/s velocity, 1.0 mm penetration, 3 mm impactor tip

Enoxaparin and anti-HMGB1 antibody each reduced pial leukocyte rolling (50.3 and 36.0 versus 125.6 leukocytes per 100 um per minute in vehicle), cerebral oedema and albumin leakage, and improved neurological scores, without additive effects on rolling or brain water. Combined treatment halved album…

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Enoxaparin reduces brain edema, cerebral lesions, and improves motor and cognitive impairments induced by a traumatic brain injury in rats

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Medroxyprogesterone acetate, enoxaparin and pentoxyfylline cause alterations in lipid peroxidation, paraoxonase (PON1) activities and homocysteine levels in the acute oxidative stress in an experimental model of spinal cord injury

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