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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) Biologic | TBI | 11988 | Not approved | |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) No ChEMBL mechanism record; coenzyme / redox cofactor | TBI | 12012 | Not approved | |
| NNZ-2566 (Trofinetide) Drug | TBI | 22009 | No trauma translation | |
| Ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) and SCH527123 (CXCR2 antagonist), alongside serotonin-depleting tools p-chlorophenylalanine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine Selective 5-HT3a receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST, direct interaction) | TBI · Chemical/toxin | 32017–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Ouabain Drug | TBI | 12014 | Not approved | |
| Oxaloacetate or peritoneal dialysis to lower blood glutamate, combined with genetic inactivation of the adenosine A2A receptor Drug | TBI | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Perampanel Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA antagonist | TBI | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| pHBSP, an erythropoietin-derived peptide Innate repair receptor agonist (AGONIST) | TBI | 12017 | Not approved | |
| Phencyclidine (PCP) Drug | TBI | 11988 | Not approved | |
| Phenelzine Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 52016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker (BLOCKER); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | TBI · Other | 22010–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Pioglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (AGONIST); direct interaction, disease efficacy true; thiazolidinedione insulin sensitiser. Black box warning present. | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 52016–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| PLX3397 (pexidartinib) CSF1R/FLT3/KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor | TBI | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| PLX5622 Macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor inhibitor | TBI · Crush | 22017–2018 | Not approved | |
| Potassium aspartate Potassium aspartate (electrolyte salt); no curated ChEMBL mechanism record | TBI | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Pregabalin Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator (MODULATOR); binds the alpha2delta-1 auxiliary subunit | TBI | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Progesterone Progesterone receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 81999–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Propofol GABA-A receptor anion channel positive allosteric modulator (POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR) | TBI | 32013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Propranolol Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST); Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock +3 | 111983–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Quetiapine Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonist; Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist | TBI · Spinal cord injury | 22018 | No trauma translation | |
| Racemic nilvadipine and the (-)-nilvadipine enantiomer ARC031 Dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker. | TBI | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Rapamycin (sirolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +3 | 152010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Recombinant human decorin Biologic | Wound · TBI +1 | 42010–2020 | Not approved | |
| Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) Erythropoietin receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +7 | 222004–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1) Insulin-like growth factor I receptor agonist (AGONIST) | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock +1 | 32018–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Resveratrol Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +7 | 192003–2020 | Not approved | |
| Retigabine KCNQ (Kv7) potassium channel opener | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22019–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Rolipram Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +1 | 52012–2019 | Not approved | |
| Rosiglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist | Wound · Ischaemia-reperfusion +4 | 92011–2020 | Failed | |
| SB-612111 (NOP receptor antagonist) Drug | TBI | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Sevoflurane Halogenated inhalational general anaesthetic; GABA-A/glycine receptor positive modulator. | TBI | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| Sildenafil Phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Radiation · Other +5 | 102011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Simvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (INHIBITOR), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Chemical/toxin +7 | 152003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), with genetic ASIC1a deletion as a parallel intervention Drug | TBI | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Sodium pyrophosphate (inorganic pyrophosphate, PPi) Drug | TBI | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Sodium pyruvate ChEMBL mechanism table not queried for this compound in this run; no MoA asserted. | TBI | 22011–2016 | Not approved | |
| Sodium selenate Drug | TBI | 12015 | Not approved | |
| SS31 antioxidant tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) No ChEMBL mechanism_of_action record. Cell-permeable cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide (molecule_type Protein, max_phase 3) developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics as a mitochondria-targeted agent; ChEMBL exposes no MoA target row, so moa_list is empty. | Burn · TBI | 22011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Sumatriptan and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody Selective serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction, disease efficacy) | TBI | 32015–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Telmisartan Angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST); partial PPAR-gamma agonist | TBI | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Tempol and coenzyme Q10 Drug | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Crush +5 | 31992–2013 | Not approved | |
| Thyroxine, exogenous Thyroid hormone receptor agonist | TBI | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| Tibolone Hormone | TBI | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is TPA, cleaves plasminogen to plasmin | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI +1 | 52011–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| TT-301 No ChEMBL MoA record; suppressor of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (p38 MAPK pathway); anti-neuroinflammatory | TBI | 12012 | Not approved | |
| Unfractionated heparin Antithrombin-III activator; inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin III, which then binds factor X | TBI · Wound | 32012–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Unsubstituted tricyclic phenothiazine Parent phenothiazine scaffold (ChEMBL CHEMBL828); no discrete therapeutic MoA record; used here as an unsubstituted core | TBI | 12014 | Not approved | |
| Valganciclovir-induced microglial depletion in CD11b-thymidine kinase mice Drug | TBI | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Valproic acid Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 72010–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| VAS203 (NOS inhibitor) Drug | TBI | 12009 | Not approved |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.