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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Nutraceutical | Wound · Fracture +2 | 42013–2019 | Not approved | |
| [Pyr1]apelin-13 ChEMBL record is the generic peptide APELIN (molecule_type Unknown, structure_type NONE, max_phase 2); it is NOT specific to the [Pyr1]apelin-13 isoform. get_mechanism was NOT called for this record within the run time budget, so moa_list is empty by omission rather than by a negative result. | Spinal cord injury | 12016 | Not approved | |
| 17-beta-estradiol 3-benzoate and tamoxifen Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | Not approved | |
| 17beta-estradiol Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Other +7 | 201999–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| 4-Aminopyridine Voltage-gated potassium channel blocker (BLOCKER, direct interaction) | Crush · Spinal cord injury | 41995–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) Acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into mitochondrial matrices during fatty acid oxidation; crosses the blood-brain barrier and has reported neuroprotective, neuromodulatory and neurotrophic activity; shows nicotinic action at the neuromuscular junction and competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase. | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Spinal cord injury | 22012–2019 | Not approved | |
| Acteoside from cistanche tea and its metabolites hydroxytyrosol, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and caffeic acid Nutraceutical | Endotoxin/LPS · Wound +1 | 32010–2019 | Not approved | |
| Allicin (allitride injection) Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Endotoxin/LPS +1 | 32015–2019 | Not approved | |
| Amiloride Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel, ENaC blocker (BLOCKER) | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Ampakine CX717 Ampakine; AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator (no ChEMBL mechanism record). | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Apocynin No mechanism_of_action record in ChEMBL for CHEMBL346919. NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition is literature-reported, not asserted by the ChEMBL MoA table. | Fracture · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42013–2017 | Not approved | |
| Atorvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · Other +3 | 62005–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| AZD8797 CX3CR1 (fractalkine receptor) allosteric antagonist (no ChEMBL mechanism record). | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Baclofen GABA-B receptor agonist | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22013 | No trauma translation | |
| Baricitinib delivered from an injectable PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermo-responsive hydrogel JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor. | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | No trauma translation | |
| beta-Carotene Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Radiation | 22014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Bumetanide; bicuculline; gabazine; muscimol; DIOA Loop diuretic; inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2 (INHIBITOR, direct interaction, disease efficacy true). Indexed on bumetanide, the lead agent of this combination. Bicuculline, gabazine and DIOA are research-grade pharmacological tools without therapeutic ChEMBL drug records; muscimol exists separately as CHEMBL273481 (max_phase 1). Black box warning present. | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22016 | No trauma translation | |
| Buspirone Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor partial agonist | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) Active vitamin D3; vitamin D receptor agonist. | Spinal cord injury · Wound +2 | 42015–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Carvedilol Non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with additional alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonism; both ANTAGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy true. ATC C07AG02. Salt form CHEMBL1201167 (carvedilol phosphate, approved 2006) maps to the same parent. | Spinal cord injury | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Chloroquine Ferriprotoporphyrin IX inhibitor; Ferriprotoporphyrin IX binding agent | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI +2 | 51989–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Cimetidine and elcatonin Histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy true) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +2 | 51982–1989 | No trauma translation | |
| Co-ultramicronised palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (co-ultraPEALut, 10:1) Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide + luteolin (PEA-LUT); PEA is a PPAR-alpha-active fatty acid amide | Spinal cord injury · Fracture +1 | 32015–2017 | Not approved | |
| Creatine Drug | Spinal cord injury | 22000–2002 | Not approved | |
| Curcumin Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +7 | 262002–2020 | Not approved | |
| Cyclosporin A Cyclophilin A modulator | TBI · Burn +4 | 71996–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| D-carnosine (compared with L-carnosine) ChEMBL entry CHEMBL242948 is the L-enantiomer (beta-alanyl-L-histidine, chirality=1); the D-enantiomer studied here has no separate ChEMBL record, so this is a same-molecule different-stereochemistry match and is flagged for manual review. No ChEMBL mechanism_of_action record; carnosine acts as an endogenous dipeptide antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger. | Spinal cord injury | 22011–2015 | Not approved | |
| Dabrafenib ATP-competitive BRAF kinase inhibitor, approved 2013, ATC L01EC02, USAN stem -rafenib. Mechanism record is held on the mesylate salt CHEMBL2105729 (parent CHEMBL2028663). 192 ClinicalTrials.gov records match; 7 interventional dabrafenib trials retained, observational registry studies excluded. | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Daily acute intermittent hypoxia, with methysergide as a mechanistic serotonin receptor antagonist 5-HT2b antagonist; 5-HT1a partial agonist; 5-HT2c antagonist | Spinal cord injury | 12017 | No trauma translation | |
| Daily acute intermittent hypoxia, with or without the adenosine 2A receptor antagonist KW6002 (istradefylline) Istradefylline (KW-6002) = CHEMBL431770, max_phase 4, ATC N04CX01, first_in_class, USAN stem -fylline. Mechanism mec_id 5688: adenosine A2a receptor ANTAGONIST, target CHEMBL251, direct_interaction true, disease_efficacy true. first_approval is NULL IN CHEMBL ITSELF, a genuine null rather than an omission, despite the drug being approved. PARTIAL match: ChEMBL covers only the pharmacological co-agent; the primary therapy, daily acute intermittent hypoxia, is a procedure with no ChEMBL entity. | Spinal cord injury | 22015–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| dizocilpine maleate (MK801) Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12011 | Not approved | |
| Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) Drug | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22017 | Not approved | |
| Docosahexaenoic acid Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 122011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Ebselen Antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase mimetic); no target_chembl_id assigned in ChEMBL | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 32014–2018 | Not approved | |
| Edaravone Unknown | Chemical/toxin · Ischaemia-reperfusion +6 | 62004–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Eight small molecule L1 agonists identified by screening of known drug libraries, including duloxetine Serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI); INHIBITOR at SLC6A4 and SLC6A2. ChEMBL match is for duloxetine, the only named member of the eight L1 agonists. | Spinal cord injury | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Elezanumab (ABT-555), human monoclonal antibody against Repulsive Guidance Molecule A Repulsive guidance molecule A inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury | 12020 | Not approved | |
| Enoxaparin Antithrombin-III activator (ACTIVATOR); inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin III, which then binds factor Xa; low-molecular-weight heparin. Black box warning (spinal/epidural haematoma). | TBI · Spinal cord injury | 52000–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Epidermal growth factor Biologic | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury +3 | 51989–2017 | Not approved | |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline), an adrenergic receptor agonist Adrenergic receptor agonist (alpha and beta) (AGONIST) | Spinal cord injury | 12016 | No trauma translation | |
| Erlotinib; rapamycin (sirolimus) as a second active arm Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (EGFR) inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction; disease efficacy). ATC L01EB02. | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Etanercept TNF-alpha inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 92007–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles embedded in a hyaluronan and methylcellulose (HAMC) hydrogel Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 agonist | Wound · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42012–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| FK-506 (tacrolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A) inhibitor; calcineurin/immunophilin immunosuppressive pathway | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 72011–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Flufenamic acid Fenamate NSAID (cyclooxygenase inhibitor; TRP/ion channel modulator); no ChEMBL mechanism record. | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | Not approved | |
| Fluoxetine Serotonin transporter inhibitor (INHIBITOR; reuptake inhibitor); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Other | 52013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| FTY720 (fingolimod) Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist; Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding agent | Chemical/toxin · TBI +1 | 52014–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Gabapentin Voltage-gated calcium channel modulator (MODULATOR; direct interaction; alpha2delta-1 binding site) | Spinal cord injury · Other | 32010–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Galantamine Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22017–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Glatiramer acetate Contains components of myelin basic protein and may act as a decoy for the immune response | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.