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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glibenclamide Sulfonylurea receptor 1, Kir6.2 blocker (BLOCKER; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 62010–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Radiation +6 | 152006–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) AGONIST of the GM-CSF receptor (alpha subunit binding site); direct interaction with disease efficacy. | Spinal cord injury | 12017 | No trauma translation | |
| Hemin (heme oxygenase-1 inducer) Drug | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +1 | 32013–2019 | Not approved | |
| Hepatocyte growth factor Drug | Wound · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 111993–2009 | Not approved | |
| Hesperidin Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury | 32018–2020 | Not approved | |
| High molecular weight hyaluronic acid hydrogel (crosslinked) Crosslinked high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (hylan G-F 20, marketed as Synvisc) used as a viscosupplement/viscoelastic matrix; ChEMBL max_phase 3, no mechanism-of-action record. ChEMBL also holds the generic parent entity CHEMBL5314376 HYALURONIC ACID (max_phase 4, ATC S01KA51) and CHEMBL4594244 HYALURONATE SODIUM (max_phase 4, ATC M09AX01/S01KA01/D03AX05/R01AX09); get_mechanism for CHEMBL5314376 returned zero mechanisms, consistent with a physical/viscoelastic rather than receptor-mediated mode of action. | Spinal cord injury | 12011 | Not approved | |
| HOE 140 (icatibant) Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | Wound · Spinal cord injury | 22014–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) ChEMBL mechanism record: replacement therapy with immunomodulatory effects (EMA Privigen EPAR). No single molecular target assigned. Black box warning present; approved 2006. | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Huperzine A Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | TBI · Spinal cord injury +1 | 32012–2017 | Not approved | |
| Hydralazine hydrochloride Mode of action not fully understood; it seems to interfere with calcium release, leading to vasodilation | Spinal cord injury · Other | 31980–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Ibudilast Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor: PDE4, PDE3A, PDE10A and PDE5A inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction); also active against PDE11 | TBI · Other +1 | 42011–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Imatinib Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BCR-ABL, KIT, PDGFR-beta) (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| Interferon beta-1b Interferon alpha/beta receptor agonist | Spinal cord injury | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST; direct interaction) | Fracture · TBI +5 | 102010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| JQ1 BET bromodomain (BRD4/BRD2/BRD3) inhibitor. ChEMBL flags this molecule as a chemical probe (chemical_probe=1) with max_phase null and no entry in the ChEMBL mechanism table, so moa_list is empty; the BET-inhibitor assignment is from the primary literature and probe annotation, not from ChEMBL MoA records. | Spinal cord injury | 22018–2019 | Not approved | |
| Ketamine Glutamate [NMDA] receptor negative allosteric modulator (NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | Spinal cord injury · Other +4 | 92011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| L-arginine Drug | Chemical/toxin · Spinal cord injury +2 | 52011–2017 | Not approved | |
| L-NAME Drug | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Spinal cord injury +4 | 31997–2017 | Not approved | |
| Leptin Recombinant N-methionyl human leptin analogue; direct agonist at the leptin receptor (CHEMBL5913); ATC A16AA07; orphan designation; black box warning TRUE. Native leptin itself is not a separate ChEMBL drug entity; metreleptin recorded as the closest indexed entity | Spinal cord injury | 12012 | No trauma translation | |
| Levetiracetam MODULATOR of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A); BLOCKER of voltage-gated N-type calcium channel alpha-1B subunit. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +1 | 42006–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Licofelone No ChEMBL mechanism record; known dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor | Spinal cord injury | 12013 | Not approved | |
| Lidocaine BLOCKER of the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit (local anaesthetic; also class Ib antiarrhythmic). | Other · Wound +3 | 41990–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Liposomal clodronate and rolipram No ChEMBL mechanism_of_action record for clodronic acid. Clinically a non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate (ATC M05BA02); in the source study the liposomal formulation is used to deplete phagocytic macrophages. Co-agent rolipram resolved separately as CHEMBL63 (phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, target CHEMBL2093863, max_phase 2). | Spinal cord injury · Fracture | 22010–2020 | Not approved | |
| Magnesium chloride Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Magnesium sulphate Drug | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 61999–2007 | Failed | |
| Melatonin Melatonin receptor agonist (AGONIST); active at MT1, MT2 and MT3 receptors, MT1/MT2 most relevant; sleep promoting activity. | Chemical/toxin · Other +8 | 242003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · TBI +1 | 51982–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Methylprednisolone Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +4 | 131987–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Methylprednisolone sodium succinate, leupeptin, and bestatin Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (ChEMBL mechanism on active parent CHEMBL650); prodrug, parenteral. Leupeptin and bestatin (protease/aminopeptidase inhibitors) not separately resolved. | Spinal cord injury | 21986–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Milrinone INHIBITOR of phosphodiesterase 3A (direct interaction, disease efficacy); ATC C01CE02, cardiac stimulant, phosphodiesterase inhibitor. | Spinal cord injury · Haemorrhage/shock | 22017–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Minocycline Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitor (INHIBITOR; binding site 16S rRNA) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 152003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Mirogabalin Alpha2-delta ligand (gabapentinoid) for neuropathic pain. | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | Not approved | |
| Mometasone furoate Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST); topical/inhaled corticosteroid | Spinal cord injury | 22015–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Morphine Mu opioid receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | Spinal cord injury · Fracture +2 | 122012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Naloxone Opioid receptors; mu/kappa/delta antagonist | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 31986–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Naproxen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction; disease efficacy true) | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | No trauma translation | |
| Neuregulin-1 Biologic | Spinal cord injury · Other +1 | 42015–2018 | Not approved | |
| Niacin (vitamin B3) Nutraceutical | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Spinal cord injury | 22016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Nimodipine with dextran 40 Voltage-gated L-type calcium channel blocker (BLOCKER); mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST). Approved 1988, black box warning, ATC C08CA06. Co-agent dextran 40 matches ChEMBL2109168 (DEXTRAN 40, max_phase 2) and CHEMBL1697742 (DEXTRAN, max_phase 3), a low-molecular-weight plasma volume expander with no ChEMBL MoA record. | Spinal cord injury | 21989–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Norepinephrine Adrenergic receptor agonist (AGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy); ATC C01CA03; black box warning | Spinal cord injury | 21980–2013 | No trauma translation | |
| Omeprazole Potassium-transporting ATPase inhibitor (gastric H+/K+-ATPase proton pump); alpha subunit is likely binding site | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 31987–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Oxandrolone, a testosterone analogue Synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (androgen receptor agonist); no ChEMBL mechanism record. | Burn · Spinal cord injury | 12009–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Oxymatrine Quinolizidine alkaloid from Sophora; no ChEMBL mechanism record. | Spinal cord injury | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Paclitaxel-loaded acetalated dextran nanoparticles (PTX@Ac-DEX), compared with Taxol Tubulin inhibitor (INHIBITOR; binds to beta tubulin; direct interaction; disease efficacy) | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Paeoniflorin Monoterpene glycoside from Paeonia; no ChEMBL mechanism record. | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | Not approved | |
| Parecoxib, methylprednisolone, and their combination Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (INHIBITOR); prodrug hydrolyzed to valdecoxib which selectively inhibits COX-2 | Spinal cord injury · Burn | 22014–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Phenelzine Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 52016–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Phosphocreatine No ChEMBL mechanism record; high-energy phosphate / cardioprotective agent | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | Not approved | |
| Photobiomodulation therapy (810 nm laser) with or without meloxicam Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, preferential COX-2 inhibitor (from ChEMBL compound record and ATC M01AC06; get_mechanism was not called this run). | Spinal cord injury · Other | 22014–2018 | No trauma translation |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.