Loading the evidence…
Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17beta-estradiol Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · Other +7 | 201999–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| 2,3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH) Drug | TBI · Burn | 22011–2018 | Not approved | |
| 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide (DP) and pomalidomide (Pom) Cereblon (CRBN) modulator / immunomodulatory imide (IMiD). | TBI | 22016–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| 5% hypertonic saline; 20% mannitol Unknown | TBI | 22001–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Acetazolamide Carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase XII inhibitor; Carbonic anhydrase IV inhibitor | TBI · Other | 32011–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK agonist AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (ACTIVATOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. ATC C01EB13. Max phase 3, never approved (first_approval null); USAN 1992. | Other · TBI | 22016–2018 | Not approved | |
| Alpha-lipoic acid and resveratrol, alone and in combination Nutraceutical | Radiation · TBI | 32015–2020 | Not approved | |
| Amphetamine; atomoxetine; amantadine Composite entry covering three agents. ChEMBL identity recorded for the first-listed agent (amphetamine, CHEMBL405, first approval 1955, black box warning). Co-listed agents: atomoxetine CHEMBL641 (first approval 2002, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) and amantadine CHEMBL660 (first approval 1968, NMDA receptor antagonist and influenza A M2 inhibitor). No ChEMBL mechanism record returned for amphetamine itself. | TBI | 12016 | No trauma translation | |
| Anti-C5a neutralising antibody, C5a receptor antagonist, and the thrombin inhibitor hirudin Thrombin inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | TBI · Other | 32013–2016 | No trauma translation | |
| Arundic acid Drug | TBI | 12013 | Not approved | |
| Atorvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | Spinal cord injury · Other +3 | 62005–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| AVL-3288 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha-7 subunit positive allosteric modulator (Type I PAM; direct interaction; disease efficacy true) | TBI | 12019 | Not approved | |
| Baclofen GABA-B receptor agonist | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22013 | No trauma translation | |
| Batroxobin Biologic | TBI | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Blood product or Hextend resuscitation with open or closed abdominal management during simulated aeromedical evacuation Procedure | Haemorrhage/shock · TBI | 22003–2019 | Not approved | |
| Bortezomib INHIBITOR of the 26S proteasome; binds the chymotrypsin-like (beta5/MB1, P28074) subunit. | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +1 | 32013–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Bromovalerylurea Drug | TBI | 12018 | Failed | |
| Caffeine Adenosine receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | TBI | 42011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Candesartan and telmisartan Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22014–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Carisbamate (CRS) Drug | TBI | 12007–2010 | Not approved | |
| carprofen Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (propionic acid NSAID). Direct interaction, disease efficacy true; selectivity noted as selective. First approval 1987; now predominantly a veterinary NSAID. | TBI | 12011 | No trauma translation | |
| Ceftriaxone Bacterial penicillin-binding protein inhibitor | TBI | 12012 | No trauma translation | |
| Chloroquine Ferriprotoporphyrin IX inhibitor; Ferriprotoporphyrin IX binding agent | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI +2 | 51989–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| CLI-095 (specific Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Crush +1 | 32012–2020 | Not approved | |
| Coenzyme Q10 plus trimetazidine Supplement | Chemical/toxin · Crush +1 | 32015–2018 | Not approved | |
| Crocetin (98% purity), the principal constituent of saffron Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · TBI | 22011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Cromolyn sodium Unknown | Wound · TBI +2 | 42010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Curcumin Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion +7 | 262002–2020 | Not approved | |
| Cyclosporin A Cyclophilin A modulator | TBI · Burn +4 | 71996–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| D-JNKi1, a peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 inhibitor | TBI | 12012 | Not approved | |
| Deferoxamine Iron chelating agent (CHELATING AGENT); direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | Haemorrhage/shock · TBI | 32011–2014 | No trauma translation | |
| Deferoxamine mesylate, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylthiourea, sodium benzoate, vitamin E (and catalase) Iron chelating agent (parent CHEMBL556). Only the deferoxamine component resolved; the other co-administered antioxidants/radical scavengers in this combination were not separately matched. | Burn · TBI | 21985–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Dexamethasone sodium phosphate Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) - taken from parent dexamethasone CHEMBL384467; no MoA record on the salt entry | Other · TBI +1 | 32013–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Dextromethorphan Sigma opioid receptor agonist (AGONIST); glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon 1 (GluN2A) antagonist (ANTAGONIST) | TBI · Other | 22011–2015 | No trauma translation | |
| Dextrorphan (non-competitive NMDA antagonist) and 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (competitive NMDA antagonist) Drug | TBI | 11989 | Not approved | |
| Diazoxide KATP channel opener (OPENER) at KCNJ11 and KCNJ8; direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Other · TBI | 22012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Diclofenac Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (action type INHIBITOR; direct interaction, disease efficacy) | Chemical/toxin · Other +2 | 41983–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) Drug | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22017 | Not approved | |
| Docosahexaenoic acid Nutraceutical | Spinal cord injury · TBI +2 | 122011–2020 | Not approved | |
| Donepezil Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | TBI | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Doxycycline Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitor (16S rRNA binding site); also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8 and MMP-13, which ChEMBL notes is the primary action at concentrations reached in the human body | Other · TBI +3 | 72011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Ebselen Antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase mimetic); no target_chembl_id assigned in ChEMBL | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin +1 | 32014–2018 | Not approved | |
| Edaravone Unknown | Chemical/toxin · Ischaemia-reperfusion +6 | 62004–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Enoxaparin Antithrombin-III activator (ACTIVATOR); inhibits coagulation by activating antithrombin III, which then binds factor Xa; low-molecular-weight heparin. Black box warning (spinal/epidural haematoma). | TBI · Spinal cord injury | 52000–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Estrone Estrogen receptor alpha agonist (AGONIST) | TBI | 12012 | No trauma translation | |
| Etanercept TNF-alpha inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +4 | 92007–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Etazolate GABA receptor beta-3 subunit positive allosteric modulator (POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR; direct_interaction true, disease_efficacy true; mec_id 5214) | TBI | 12012 | Not approved | |
| Ethanol Drug | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock | 82012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Ethosuximide and phenytoin Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel blocker | TBI | 12013 | No trauma translation | |
| Ethyl pyruvate Drug | TBI · Haemorrhage/shock +1 | 52011–2020 | Not approved |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.