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Follow an intervention from preclinical studies to human trials and reported outcomes.
| THERAPY / MECHANISM | INJURY MODELS | STUDIES | REPORTED OUTCOME | Open record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist (AGONIST); direct interaction, disease efficacy true; thiazolidinedione insulin sensitiser. Black box warning present. | TBI · Ischaemia-reperfusion +2 | 52016–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Probenecid Organic anion transporter (OAT1/OAT3/URAT1) inhibitor (INHIBITOR); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin | 22012–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Progesterone Progesterone receptor agonist (AGONIST), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 81999–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Puerarin Nutraceutical | Other · Spinal cord injury +3 | 62013–2020 | Not approved | |
| Putrescine combined with Schwann cell implantation Putrescine (polyamine); no curated ChEMBL mechanism record | Spinal cord injury | 12015 | Not approved | |
| Quetiapine Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor antagonist; Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor antagonist; Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist | TBI · Spinal cord injury | 22018 | No trauma translation | |
| Quipazine maleate Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12016 | Not approved | |
| Rapamycin (sirolimus) FK506-binding protein 1A inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +3 | 152010–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Recombinant activated protein C (rAPC) Coagulation factor VIII inhibitor (INHIBITOR); Coagulation factor V inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22016–2017 | Failed | |
| Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) Recombinant human BMP-2 protein; ChEMBL get_mechanism returned SIX records, all AGONIST, all direct_interaction and disease_efficacy true (mec_id 9669 BMPR1A CHEMBL5275, 9677 BMPR1B CHEMBL5476, 9672 BMPR2 CHEMBL5467, 9680 ACVR1 CHEMBL5903, 9678 ACVR2A CHEMBL5616, 9671 ACVR2B CHEMBL5466). USAN stem -ermin (-otermin), 2001, defined as bone morphogenetic protein growth factors. ATC M05BC01. EMA cross-references Inductos (human) and Truscient (veterinary). Approved 2002, withdrawn_flag FALSE, black_box_warning FALSE, therapeutic_flag TRUE, dosed_ingredient TRUE. | Spinal cord injury · Wound | 12009–2011 | Approved for trauma | |
| Recombinant human decorin Biologic | Wound · TBI +1 | 42010–2020 | Not approved | |
| Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) Erythropoietin receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +7 | 222004–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Reparixin Interleukin-8 receptor A (CXCR1) and B (CXCR2) modulator (MODULATOR) | Spinal cord injury | 12010 | Not approved | |
| Resveratrol Nutraceutical | Chemical/toxin · Radiation +7 | 192003–2020 | Not approved | |
| Retigabine KCNQ (Kv7) potassium channel opener | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22019–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Riluzole Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker (BLOCKER) | Spinal cord injury · Crush | 62000–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Rolipram Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury · TBI +1 | 52012–2019 | Not approved | |
| Rose Bengal (RB1) and derivatives modified with hydrocarbon (RB2) or polyethylene glycol (RB3) Drug | Spinal cord injury | 12018 | No trauma translation | |
| Rosiglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist | Wound · Ischaemia-reperfusion +4 | 92011–2020 | Failed | |
| Sclerostin antibody (rat Scl-Ab, 36.5 mg/ml, Amgen) Sclerostin inhibitor; inhibits sclerostin, increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption | Spinal cord injury | 22015–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Sildenafil Phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor (INHIBITOR) | Radiation · Other +5 | 102011–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Simvastatin HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (INHIBITOR), direct interaction, disease efficacy true. | TBI · Chemical/toxin +7 | 152003–2020 | No trauma translation | |
| Sivelestat Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (INHIBITOR; direct interaction) | Chemical/toxin · Burn +3 | 82007–2016 | Not approved | |
| Tamoxifen Estrogen receptor alpha modulator (MODULATOR; mixed agonist/antagonist) | Spinal cord injury · Chemical/toxin | 22012–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| Tamsulosin Adrenergic receptor alpha-1 antagonist | Spinal cord injury | 12014 | No trauma translation | |
| Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) Unknown | Spinal cord injury · Other | 32015–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| TBE-31 (bis(cyano enone) Nrf2 activator) in mice; sulforaphane-delivering extract in humans SPLIT ENTITY, handled explicitly. TBE-31: ChEMBL compound_search returned 0 hits, an EXPLICIT NEGATIVE RESULT; the synthetic bis(cyano enone) Nrf2 activator has no ChEMBL entry and no human trial. The human arm resolves instead to CHEMBL48802 SULFORAPHANE, max_phase 3, first_approval NULL, natural_product=true, therapeutic_flag=false, not withdrawn (stereoisomer L-sulforaphane = CHEMBL1627201, max_phase 2). get_mechanism returned 0 records for CHEMBL48802, so the empty moa_list and target are an EXPLICIT NEGATIVE RESULT, not an omission: ChEMBL holds no curated Nrf2/KEAP1 mechanism for sulforaphane despite that being its accepted mode of action. All 10 recorded trials give sulforaphane or broccoli sprout extract; indications are cancer chemoprevention (prostate, pancreas, bladder, melanoma), chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes and skin ageing, NONE a trauma indication. NCT03517995 is WITHDRAWN at 0 enrolment and NCT02404428 TERMINATED at n=5. | Radiation · Spinal cord injury +2 | 42012–2018 | Not approved | |
| Tempol and coenzyme Q10 Drug | Ischaemia-reperfusion · Crush +5 | 31992–2013 | Not approved | |
| Testosterone Androgen receptor agonist (AGONIST, direct interaction, disease efficacy true). ChEMBL flags a black box warning for this molecule. | Spinal cord injury | 12011 | No trauma translation | |
| Testosterone enanthate with adjuvant quadrupedal bodyweight-supported treadmill training Long-acting testosterone ester; androgen receptor agonist. | Spinal cord injury | 22017–2019 | No trauma translation | |
| Theophylline Theophylline (methylxanthine): nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor; approved bronchodilator (ChEMBL parent CHEMBL190) | Spinal cord injury | 12015 | No trauma translation | |
| tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is TPA, cleaves plasminogen to plasmin | Ischaemia-reperfusion · TBI +1 | 52011–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Tramadol Centrally acting analgesic: weak mu-opioid receptor agonist (ChEMBL mec_id 707, AGONIST, FDA label ref) with additional serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition not captured in the ChEMBL MoA table. Active O-desmethyl metabolite (M1) carries most opioid activity. ATC N02AX02. Black box warning. | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 22015–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Tranexamic acid Plasminogen inhibitor (INHIBITOR), direct interaction, disease efficacy true; antifibrinolytic. | Haemorrhage/shock · Spinal cord injury +1 | 92016–2019 | Approved for trauma (caveats) | |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) Thyroid hormone receptor agonist (AGONIST); direct interaction, disease efficacy true | Spinal cord injury · Ischaemia-reperfusion | 31980–2018 | No trauma translation | |
| Ursolic acid Nutraceutical | Other · Spinal cord injury +1 | 32017–2020 | Not approved | |
| Valproic acid Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor | TBI · Spinal cord injury +2 | 72010–2017 | No trauma translation | |
| VX-765 (belnacasan) Caspase-1 inhibitor (INHIBITOR, direct interaction); prodrug | Spinal cord injury · TBI | 22018–2020 | Not approved | |
| Zonisamide-loaded monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide)-poly(trimethylene carbonate) nanomicelles (approximately 50 nm) Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker (BLOCKER, direct interaction) | Spinal cord injury | 12017 | No trauma translation |
Study counts are reported at therapy level and can differ from the number of itemised publications. Outcomes are research classifications, not treatment recommendations.