Protective effects of tiotropium alone or combined with budesonide against cadmium inhalation induced acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in rats.
RatChemical/toxinSprague-DawleyMalen = 68 male Sprague-Dawley rats in total, with n equal to 5 in…Inhalation of nebulised aerosolTiotropium 70 micrograms per 15 mL or 350 micrograms per 15…30 minutes before cadmium exposure
Model: Cadmium inhalation-induced acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation using nebulised 0.1% cadmium chloride solution for 60 minutes in an exposure chamber
Tiotropium reduced lavage cell counts, protein and histological injury and lowered MMP-2 at the high concentration, and the combination with budesonide significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (Emax 2.19 plus or minus 0.39 g versus 4.08 plus or minus 0.42 g for cadmium alone) and inhibited…
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