Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of atorvastatin in a murine model of traumatic brain injury.
MouseTBIControlled cortical impactC57BL/6Malen = 150 mice: sham plus saline n = 30, sham plus atorvastatin n…Oral, by intragastric gavage1 mg/kg/day (pilot dose-response used 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day…First dose 1 hour after injury
Model: Controlled cortical impact (eCCI-6.3) via 3.5 mm right-hemisphere craniotomy 2.0 mm posterior and 2.0 mm lateral to bregma, 3 mm flat impactor tip, velocity 4.5 m/s, depth 2 mm, dwell time 200 ms
Atorvastatin at 1 mg/kg/day reduced neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits, attenuated invasion of T cells, neutrophils and NK cells and pro-inflammatory mediators, increased regulatory T cells and IL-10 and TGF-beta1, and raised the M2 to M1 microglia and macrophage ratio.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.95. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.