Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation.

PMID 28412141 ↗2017Mixed findings

Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation.

RatTBIWeight-drop / impact-accelerationSprague-DawleyMale0.1 mg/kg1 day or 5 days after the last of three injuries

Model: Three mild traumatic brain injuries 5 days apart using the diffuse impact-acceleration model generating approximately 100 G

Lipopolysaccharide given 1 day after the last injury reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal injury and prevented behavioural deficits at 3 months, whereas the same dose given at 5 days increased cytokines, worsened neuronal damage and tau pathology and slightly exacerbated cognitive and de…

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Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation.

Evidence by therapy association

Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation.