Toll like receptor 4 activation can be either detrimental or beneficial following mild repetitive traumatic brain injury depending on timing of activation.
RatTBIWeight-drop / impact-accelerationSprague-DawleyMale0.1 mg/kg1 day or 5 days after the last of three injuries
Model: Three mild traumatic brain injuries 5 days apart using the diffuse impact-acceleration model generating approximately 100 G
Lipopolysaccharide given 1 day after the last injury reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal injury and prevented behavioural deficits at 3 months, whereas the same dose given at 5 days increased cytokines, worsened neuronal damage and tau pathology and slightly exacerbated cognitive and de…
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.6. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.