Nanoparticle Estrogen in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Elicits Rapid Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Tissue.
RatSpinal cord injuryUnspecifiedSprague-Dawleymalefocal delivery to the injured spinal cord via nanoparticles25 microgram and 2.5 microgram estrogenassessed 6 h after injury (per-acute model)
Model: Acute spinal cord injury, assessed in a per-acute model at 6 h after injury
Spinal cord tissue estrogen concentrations were double plasma concentrations, confirming focal release. Estrogen rapidly and significantly reduced IL-6, GRO-KC, MCP-1 and S100beta in one or all compartments, and modulated additional targets including leptin, MIP-1alpha, IL-4, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma…
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