Codeine-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia: investigating the role of glial activation.
MouseOtherBALB/c wild type; TLR4 null mutantMalen = n=8 per group across experiments; 4 animals per treatment g…Intraperitoneal, 10 ml/kgIbudilast 15 mg/kg; IL-1RA (anakinra) 100 mg/kg; codeine ph…Opioid dosing began two weeks after partial nerve injury in the nerve-injured e…
Model: Partial sciatic nerve injury (modified chronic constriction injury, N1S3 configuration, single chromic gut suture loosely tied at mid-thigh) combined with repeated intraperitoneal codeine or morphine exposure
Repeated codeine produced hyperalgesia and allodynia comparable to equimolar morphine despite less acute analgesia, while IL-1RA reversed both, TLR4 knockout was protective and ibudilast reversed established allodynia.
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