Methylene blue attenuates traumatic brain injury-associated neuroinflammation and acute depressive-like behavior in mice.

Methylene blue attenuates traumatic brain injury-associated neuroinflammation and acute depressive-like behavior in mice.

Model: Midline fluid percussion injury (diffuse brain injury); complementary in vitro experiments with lipopolysaccharide-activated BV2 microglia

Immediate intravenous methylene blue reduced cerebral oedema, attenuated microglial activation and significantly reduced hippocampal inflammatory gene expression at 1 day post injury, and attenuated TBI-induced IL-1β and TNF-α expression in enriched microglia/macrophages. In vitro, methylene blue d…

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