Transcranial amelioration of inflammation and cell death after brain injury.
MixedTBIClosed-head / concussionC57BL/6J, CX3CR1-GFP, FVB/N-Tg(GFAP-GFP)14Mes/J and LysM-GFP mice; Sprague-Dawley ratsMale (rats); not reported for micen = Group sizes of 3-4 rodents per experiment, each experiment…Transcranial topical application to the intact or thinned skull bone, and addition to the aCSF submerging solution100 mM glutathione in artificial cerebrospinal fluid30 min before injury (pre-treatment), or continuously from 15 min or 3 h after…
Model: Novel closed-skull compression brain injury produced by rapidly thinning the skull over the barrel cortex to approximately 20-30 micrometres and gently pressing it into concavity; a skull fracture variant was used as a more severe injury
Transcranial glutathione given before injury allowed near complete survival of meningeal macrophages after skull fracture, preserved the glial limitans, kept underlying microglia ramified and non-reactive, and eliminated myelomonocytic recruitment. Pre-treatment reduced meningeal cell death by 50%,…
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