Tramadol Versus Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine Under Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Block of Forearm Fractures
Regional Anaesthesia · Forearm Fracture
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
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Drug · Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (AGONIST; direct interaction)
7 linked trials carry an injury-indication flag. These flags support record-level exploration and sit alongside the stringent aggregate counts described in Methods.
Regional Anaesthesia · Forearm Fracture
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
Postoperative Pain · Lower Limb Injury
Enrolment: 50 · Results not recorded
Traumatic Brain Injury · Cerebral Edema · Head Injury Trauma
Enrolment: 600 · Results not recorded
Mandible Fracture · Edema Face
Enrolment: 72 · Results not recorded
Spinal Cord Injuries · Tendinopathy · Rotator Cuff Tears · Shoulder Pain
Enrolment: 24 · Results not recorded
Fractures, Bone · Radius Fracture Distal
Enrolment: 30 · Results not recorded
Lower Extremities Fracture
Enrolment: 64 · Results not recorded
Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic
Enrolment: 20 · Results not recorded
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Enrolment: 10 · Results not recorded
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Enrolment: 326 · Results not recorded
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
Multiple Myeloma · Renal Impairment
Enrolment: 51 · Results not recorded
Multiple Myeloma · Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Enrolment: 100 · Results not recorded
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma · Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Enrolment: 5 · Results not recorded
Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Enrolment: 160 · Results not recorded
Macular Edema
Enrolment: 200 · Results not recorded
Temporomandibular Disorder
Enrolment: 80 · Results not recorded
Cochlear Implant
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
Hearing Loss
Enrolment: 56 · Results not recorded
Hearing Loss, Bilateral Sensorineural
Enrolment: 50 · Results not recorded
16 studies reported at therapy level; 16 evidence entries itemised.
Model: Fluid percussion injury induced traumatic brain injury in vivo, with primary cultured rat hypothalamic neurons in vitro
The incidence of acute critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency was significantly higher in the high-dose dexamethasone group on post-injury day 7. High-dose dexamethasone reduced cultured hypothalamic neuron viability from 12 to 24 h, increased TUNEL-positive cells by 18 h, and thinne…
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Model: Surgically induced severe acute pancreatitis with secondary brain injury
Dexamethasone increased Bax and Bcl-2 and reduced NF-kappaB and brain pathological change versus model controls without changing the apoptotic index. Baicalin and octreotide also lowered brain NF-kappaB and raised Bcl-2, and baicalin raised Bax at 12 hours. Protection was attributed mainly to inhib…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.65. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Subcutaneous implantation of coated dummy sensors and glucose sensors using needles of different gauge, producing graded insertion trauma
The degree of acute inflammation was determined mainly by the extent of the initial insertion trauma rather than implant size, whereas chronic inflammation and fibrous encapsulation were greater with larger sensors. Sensors implanted with 14 gauge needles had significantly lower initial in vivo res…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.55. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Blunt lung contusion
Both agents decreased iNOS in contusion groups and dexamethasone increased YKL-40, IL-10 and CC-16, but the combination of high dose steroid with the NOS inhibitor was lethal
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion in cholestatic (bile duct ligation) rats
Dexamethasone pretreatment reduced hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion-induced lung and kidney injury and cytokine levels in cholestatic rats.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.8. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (4 U/kg, 50 microlitres) inducing acute lung injury, studied during the acute exudative phase from days 3 to 12; in vitro mechanical wound-healing assay on primary rat alveolar epithelial type II cell monolayers with bleomycin 12.5 to 200 mU/mL
Dexamethasone significantly lowered lavage TNF-alpha at day 3 but did not prevent bleomycin-induced weight loss, did not improve survival, did not reduce neutrophil infiltration, and failed to reduce lung oedema (wet/dry ratio 6.1 plus or minus 0.2 in bleomycin versus 4.6 plus or minus 0.1 in contr…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.95. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Systemic multi-organ injury induced by intravenous lipopolysaccharide at 10 mg/kg
Lipopolysaccharide raised blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT and AST by 81.42, 67.84, 40.53 and 36.05 per cent and lowered creatine kinase, ALP, total protein and albumin by 71.37, 60.6, 12.57 and 19.73 per cent, with widespread organ damage and upregulated TLR4/NF-kappaB signalling. Dexamethason…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Tourniquet-induced unilateral (left) hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion: orthodontic rubber band tourniquet at the hip joint for 3 h, followed by 24 h reperfusion
Dexamethasone given at the start of reperfusion significantly reduced IL-1beta and TNFalpha expression, decreased leukocyte infiltration, reduced gastrocnemius infarct size (24.8% vs 42.8% in untreated IR) and rupture of the muscle sarcolemma, and improved direct muscle stimulation-induced contract…
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Acute pancreatitis with secondary acute lung injury
C57BL/6 mice showed lower mortality, less lung water and lower IL-1beta than BALB/c mice and responded better to 0.4 mg/kg dexamethasone with greater glucocorticoid receptor binding to the glucocorticoid responsive element; a higher dose of 4 mg/kg reduced mortality in both strains, and the protect…
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Model: single inhalation exposure to 2200 ppm sulfur dioxide for 10 minutes, chemical-induced acute lung injury
A single dose of dexamethasone given 1 h after sulfur dioxide inhalation significantly counteracted the acute inflammatory response but gave only partial protection against airway hyperresponsiveness and did not prevent long-term pulmonary fibrosis and collagen deposition.
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Model: Epidural balloon crush injury of the cranial thoracic spinal cord
One week of subdural dexamethasone infusion markedly inhibited macrophage infiltration of the crush cavity and prevented phagocytic removal of myelin debris, indicating suppression of the severe inflammatory response directed at damaged myelin. Functional outcomes were not reported.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: llm · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.6. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Crush syndrome by bilateral hind limb compression with rubber tourniquets for 5 h followed by reperfusion
Untreated crush syndrome caused 76% mortality by 48 h, whereas a single high-dose dexamethasone injection before reperfusion activated PI3K-Akt-eNOS signalling, suppressed systemic inflammation and improved survival.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.75. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Airway exposure to the nitrogen mustard analogue melphalan
Melphalan increased central and peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness and caused macrophage and neutrophil dominated inflammation. Dexamethasone given 1 h after exposure protected better than dosing at 2 or 6 h, and treatment reduced collagen deposition at 14 days.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.65. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Sharp section of the anterior thigh muscles just above the knee under tribromoethanol anaesthesia, preserving major vessels and nerves, producing distant acute lung injury
Twenty-four hours after thigh muscle transection there was a significant increase in lung neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity and oedema, all reversed by dexamethasone treatment.
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Model: Hydrochloric acid induced acute lung injury in mice
Nebulised Dual-NV reduced pulmonary haemorrhage and protein leakage, restored airway patency to about 96 per cent, and lowered inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress by about 95 per cent in acid injured mice.
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Model: Intracortical microwire electrode implantation injury and the resulting foreign body response
Dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel-coated microwires achieved exponential long-lasting release in vitro and, in a preliminary in vivo study, produced a general decrease in fold-change expression of inflammatory-related genes compared with drug-free functionalised controls.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.7. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.