THERAPY DOSSIER · th-9a5f32860afb

Pentoxifylline

Drug · Adenosine A2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST); 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase inhibitor (INHIBITOR)

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Evidence & regulatory context

Mechanism: Adenosine A2 receptor antagonist (ANTAGONIST); 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase inhibitor (INHIBITOR)
Target: CHEMBL2094257; CHEMBL2363066
Injury models: Chemical/toxin · Radiation · Burn · TBI · Wound
Reported indication: Not recorded
First approval: 1984
Development stage: Not recorded
ChEMBL record: CHEMBL628 ↗
ChEMBL max phase: 4 / 4 (development scale, not regulatory approval)
Synonyms: Oxpentifylline; Trental; BL-191; NSC-637086
Note: Not recorded

Clinical trials 10

0 linked trials carry an injury-indication flag. These flags support record-level exploration and sit alongside the stringent aggregate counts described in Methods.

NCT06115174 ↗PHASE4unknown

Clinical Study Evaluating the Anticancer Effect of Pentoxiphylline in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

Enrolment: 44 · Results not recorded

NCT06421870 ↗PHASE3unknown

Renoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin Versus Pentoxiphylline in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Chronic Kidney Diseases

Enrolment: 210 · Results not recorded

NCT05387187 ↗PHASE2/PHASE3unknown

Evaluate the Effect and Safety of Pu Yang Wan Wu Tang and Western Medicine on Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Diseases

Enrolment: 40 · Results not recorded

NCT06494111 ↗PHASE2recruiting

Systemic Therapy of Open-label Prophylactic Pravastatin or Pentoxifylline/Tocopherol Prevention of Lymphedema Advancing to Eventual Fibrosis: an Interventional Registry-embedded Bayesian Randomized Trial for Radiation Sequelae (STOP4-LATE-FIBROSE)

Lymphedema · Fibrosis

Enrolment: 295 · Results not recorded

NCT00188669 ↗PHASE2terminated

A Phase II Study of the Use of Pentoxifylline and a-Tocopherol in the Treatment of Chronic Breast Pain Associated With Breast Radiotherapy

Breast Neoplasms

Enrolment: 48 · Results not recorded

NCT01102218 ↗PHASE2terminated

A Randomized Multi-Center Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Erythropoietin Plus Pentoxifylline Versus Erythropoietin Alone for the Treatment of Anemia in Subjects With End Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis

End Stage Renal Disease

Enrolment: 48 · Results not recorded

NCT06944704 ↗PHASE2completed

Clinical Study Evaluating Efficacy, Safety and Molecular Mechanism of Pentoxifylline Supplementation in Patients With Hepatic and Post Hepatic Jaundice

Hepatobiliary Disorders

Enrolment: 45 · Results not recorded

NCT06903689 ↗PHASE1/PHASE2not yet recruiting

Exploring the Potential Effect of Pentoxifylline in Mitigating Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Chronic Kidney Disease · Vascular Calcification · Kidney Failure, Chronic

Enrolment: 80 · Results not recorded

NCT01292005 ↗EARLY_PHASE1completed

Pentoxifylline Treatment in Acute Pancreatitis; A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

Acute Pancreatitis

Enrolment: 28 · Results not recorded

NCT05590117 ↗EARLY_PHASE1unknown

The Possible Protective Effect of Pentoxifylline Against Chemotherapy Induced Toxicities in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Colo-rectal Cancer · Neuropathy;Peripheral · Mucositis

Enrolment: 48 · Results not recorded

Preclinical evidence 12

4 studies reported at therapy level; 12 evidence entries itemised.

PMID 2606851 ↗1989Reported benefit

Prevention of interleukin 2-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs by pentoxifylline.

Guinea pigChemical/toxinIntravenous20 mg/kg intravenous bolus followed by continuous infusion…Bolus started 60 min before interleukin 2 injection

Model: Recombinant human interleukin 2-induced acute lung injury (4 x 10^6 U/kg i.v.)

Pentoxifylline pretreatment prevented the interleukin 2-induced rise in lung water and 125I-albumin lung-to-plasma ratio and prevented accumulation of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.8. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 2745184 ↗1989Reported benefit

The effect of pentoxifylline on early and late radiation injury following fractionated irradiation in C3H mice.

MouseRadiationC3HMalen = 104 C3H mice in eight groups of 13, plus 10 unirradiated mi…InjectionProphylactic, continuing after irradiation

Model: Right hind limb irradiation, 4000, 5000, 6000 or 7000 cGy in ten fractions

Pentoxifylline-treated mice had significantly less late injury, most obviously at 5000 and 6000 cGy, with one radiation related death versus seven in saline controls, and 8 per cent (4/51) versus 42 per cent (20/48) with a late score of 3.0 or greater. There was no effect on acute radiation injury…

Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 25977259 ↗2015Reported benefit

The effects of pentoxifylline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the treatment of d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in rats.

RatChemical/toxinWistarMale

Model: D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis

Both pentoxifylline and CAPE reduced the histological and biochemical liver injury caused by D-galactosamine, including lower mast cell, Ki-67 and caspase-3 counts and improved oxidative stress markers.

Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.45. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 24886962 ↗2014Mixed findings

Pentoxifylline attenuates nitrogen mustard-induced acute lung injury, oxidative stress and inflammation.

RatChemical/toxinWistar (specific pathogen-free)MaleIntraperitoneal46.7 mg/kgBeginning 15 min after nitrogen mustard

Model: Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine hydrochloride) 0.125 mg/kg in 0.1 ml instilled intratracheally under ketamine and xylazine anaesthesia

Pentoxifylline significantly reduced granulocyte infiltration, oedema, fibrin deposition and fibroplasia, lavage cell number and protein, HO-1 and lipocalin-2, and shifted macrophages from COX-2 and MMP-9 positive to CD163 and galectin-3 positive. It had no significant effect on nitrogen mustard-in…

Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 20569121 ↗2010

Pentoxifylline inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lung injury in experimental phosgene-exposure rats

RatChemical/toxin

Extraction: mesh. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 15706004 ↗2005

Early treatment with pentoxifylline reduces lung injury induced by acid aspiration in rats

RatBurn

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PMID 12898537 ↗2003

Differential modulation of hippocampal chemical-induced injury response by ebselen, pentoxifylline, and TNFalpha-, IL-1alpha-, and IL-6-neutralizing antibodies

MouseTBI

Extraction: mesh. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 12736043 ↗2003

Preventive effect of pentoxifylline on renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis

RatWound

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PMID missing1998

Inhibitory effects of pentoxifylline on ultraviolet B light-induced cutaneous inflammation

Chemical/toxin

Extraction: not specified. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 8889788 ↗1996

Efficacy of ibuprofen and pentoxifylline in the treatment of phosgene-induced acute lung injury

RatChemical/toxin

Extraction: mesh. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 7995770 ↗1995

Effect of pentoxifylline on radiation-induced lung and skin toxicity in rats

RatRadiation

Extraction: mesh. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

PMID 19294507 ↗2010

Preventive effect of pentoxifylline on acute radiation damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways

RatRadiation

Extraction: mesh. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.

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