Preclinical evidence 4
4 studies reported at therapy level; 4 evidence entries itemised.
MouseChemical/toxinMale
Model: Crotalus durissus terrificus venom-induced acute renal failure
Allopurinol reduced venom-induced lethality and hyperuricaemia whereas probenecid did not improve survival.
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RatSpinal cord injuryUnspecifiedSprague-DawleyMalen = 30 male rats divided into control, trauma, and trauma plus…Intraperitoneal50 mg/kg of body weightAfter the surgical spinal cord injury procedure
Model: Spinal cord injury produced by a surgical trauma procedure
Allopurinol reduced the trauma-induced rise in myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, limited degenerative change in neurons and glia to mild levels, restored regular positive GFAP expression of glial processes around blood vessels, and was associated with negative Bcl-2 expression in contrast to the…
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MouseOtherC57BL/6MaleOral gavage1.0 mg/kgTwo regimens: treatment started 24 h after sponge implantation (acute phase) or…
Model: Subcutaneous implantation of polyether-polyurethane sponge discs to induce inflammatory angiogenesis and fibrovascular tissue formation
When started 24 h after implantation, allopurinol reduced angiogenesis (haemoglobin, VEGF, vessel number), inflammatory markers (MPO, NAG, TNF-alpha, CCL2) and nitric oxide and H2O2 production, while increasing collagen deposition and TGF-beta1. When started during the chronic inflammatory phase (d…
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MouseRadiationCD-1 outbred for dose and kinetic studies; caspase 1 knockout (NOD.129S2(B6)-Casp1/LtJ) with NOD/ShiLtJ controls; Nlrp3 knockout on C57BL/6J with C57BL/6J controlsMaleIntraperitoneal20 mg/kg2 h before and 6 h after radiation exposure
Model: Whole-body caesium-137 irradiation at 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 Gy, dose rate 1.63 to 1.65 Gy per minute
Radiation caused dose-dependent, delayed inflammasome activation detectable from day 1 and sustained to day 7, returning to baseline by day 14. Allopurinol at 2 Gy significantly reduced caspase 1 activation in macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cells to sham levels and suppressed LPS-stimulated IL…
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