Glucosamine, Chondroitin and Herbal Extract Phonophoresis in Grade I and II Knee Meniscal Injuries
Grade I and II Knee Meniscal Injuries
Enrolment: 45 · Results not recorded
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Drug · MECHANISM GAP recorded honestly: get_mechanism returned ZERO records for CHEMBL2108922, so moa_list and target are left EMPTY rather than inferred. ChEMBL max_phase 3, first_approval NULL (never approved as a medicine in the ChEMBL sense), ATC M01AX25 (other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic agents), therapeutic_flag FALSE, withdrawn FALSE. A second entity, CHEMBL2303614 CHONDROITIN SULFATE (small molecule, single disaccharide-repeat structure, max_phase 3), was returned by the same query and NOT recorded as the primary, because the therapy is the polymeric sodium salt not the monomeric unit; it is retained here as a cross-reference.
1 linked trials carry an injury-indication flag. These flags support record-level exploration and sit alongside the stringent aggregate counts described in Methods.
Grade I and II Knee Meniscal Injuries
Enrolment: 45 · Results not recorded
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms · BCG-Induced Cystitis
Enrolment: 56 · Results not recorded
Knee Osteoarthritis
Enrolment: 30 · Results not recorded
1 studies reported at therapy level; 1 evidence entries itemised.
Model: Acute acid damage leaky bladder model: 400 microlitres of 10 mM hydrochloric acid instilled via an implanted bladder dome cannula for 10 minutes, aspirated and neutralised with 0.15 M sodium bicarbonate, removing most of the umbrella cell layer
Untreated mast cells rose four-fold at day 2 and six-fold at day 4 and neutrophils rose seven-fold and eleven-fold. Chondroitin sulfate significantly reduced mast cell (43% lower at day 4) and neutrophil (35% lower at day 4) recruitment to the suburothelial space with no change in CD45-positive lym…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.