Multimodal Analgesia Using Dexmedetomidine-ketamine-lidocaine in Head and Neck Cancer Free Flap Surgery
Head and Neck Cancer · Renal Protection · Acute Kidney Injury
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
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Drug · Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 agonist (AGONIST, selective, direct interaction)
6 linked trials carry an injury-indication flag. These flags support record-level exploration and sit alongside the stringent aggregate counts described in Methods.
Head and Neck Cancer · Renal Protection · Acute Kidney Injury
Enrolment: 60 · Results not recorded
Acute Kidney Injury
Enrolment: 10 · Results not recorded
Acute Kidney Injury · Crush Injury · Rhabdomyolysis
Enrolment: 28 · Results not recorded
Fractures, Compression
Enrolment: 75 · Results not recorded
Acute Kidney Injury · Endovascular Aortic Repair
Enrolment: 200 · Results not recorded
Surgery-Complications · Respiratory Complication · Lung Injury, Acute
Enrolment: 100 · Results not recorded
Cesarean Section
Enrolment: 78 · Results not recorded
Respiratory Insufficiency
Enrolment: 24 · Results not recorded
Pain, Postoperative · Anesthesia, Local · Opioid Use
Enrolment: 540 · Results not recorded
Chronic Subdural Hematoma · Anesthesia
Enrolment: 190 · Results not recorded
10 studies reported at therapy level; 10 evidence entries itemised.
Model: Blunt chest trauma (2.45 J bilateral chest impact) followed by controlled haemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 35-45 mmHg maintained 1 h) and resuscitation with shed blood plus Ringer's lactate (1:1) over 1 h
Dexmedetomidine improved oxygenation, reduced lung wet/dry ratio and histological injury score, lowered MDA, LDH and MPO and proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 expression relative to the untreated injury group.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: llm · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.95. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Hind limb ischaemia-reperfusion: femoral artery clamped with a non-invasive arterial clip and ligated with rubber bands for 3 hours of ischaemia, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, producing acute lung injury
Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly reduced lung oedema, histological injury, myeloperoxidase activity and BALF and serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha relative to ischaemia-reperfusion alone, and lowered TLR4, MyD88, NF-kB and phosphorylated NF-kB expression. Atipamezole partially reversed th…
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.92. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Heatstroke induced by exposure to ambient temperature of 39.5 plus or minus 0.2 degrees Celsius until core temperature reached 43 degrees Celsius
Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited heatstroke-induced lung injury, improved respiratory dysfunction and the 72 hour cumulative survival rate, and suppressed TLR4/MyD88/nuclear factor kappa B signalling while restoring caveolin-1 expression.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.55. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Feeney weight-drop controlled cortical impact after 3 mm craniotomy over the left parietal cortex, with secondary acute lung injury
Dexmedetomidine reduced lung injury score, bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration and lung wet-to-dry ratio at 24 hours, and lowered serum HMGB1 and lung RAGE expression. The alpha-2 antagonist atipamezole partly reversed these effects, indicating dependence on alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonism.
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.93. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes (single 65 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose) followed by renal ischaemia-reperfusion produced by 25 minutes of bilateral renal pedicle clamping and 48 hours of reperfusion
Renal ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetic rats significantly increased injury, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, oxidative stress and apoptosis, alongside raised phosphorylated p38-MAPK and TXNIP. Dexmedetomidine pre-treatment reversed all of these changes, which the authors attributed partly to inhibition of p38…
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.8. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Hyperoxia-induced injury of the developing brain, with exposure to 80% oxygen or room air for 24 h in neonatal rats
Hyperoxia sharply reduced proliferation (PCNA), neuronal markers (Nestin, PSA-NCAM, NeuN), the transcription factors SOX2, Tbr2 and Prox1, and the plasticity factors Nrp1, Nrg1, Syp, Sema3a and Sema3f at both mRNA and protein level. A single pretreatment with dexmedetomidine largely reversed these…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.92. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 min followed by 24 h reperfusion, causing acute lung injury
Pre-treatment and post-treatment reduced FITC-albumin leakage by 26 percent and 15 percent respectively, attenuated histological lung injury and increased ZO-1 by 34 percent and VE-cadherin by 26 percent
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation under pentobarbital 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally with atropine 0.25 mg intramuscularly, left anterolateral thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space, heparin 100 U/kg intravenously, then occlusion of the left pulmonary hilum with a non-invasive microvascular clip for 1 hour of ischaemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion; sham animals had thoracotomy without clamping
Dexmedetomidine pre-treatment lowered the lung injury score from 8.8 plus or minus 0.4 to 4.0 plus or minus 0.6 at 2.5 micrograms/kg/hour and 3.0 plus or minus 0.9 at 5 micrograms/kg/hour, reduced the wet to dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity and lowered lavage TNF-alpha and IL-6, with TLR4 and…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.95. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Renal ischaemia-reperfusion by bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 minutes followed by 6 hours of reperfusion, producing remote acute lung injury
Renal ischaemia-reperfusion caused pulmonary injury with raised wet to dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with dexmedetomidine reduced lung oedema, inflammation, myeloperoxidase activity and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha expression. Atipa…
Extraction: extract · Subtype source: rule · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.75. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Bilateral blunt chest trauma producing pulmonary contusion
Dexmedetomidine improved haemodynamics, reduced alveolar inflammatory cell infiltration and lowered plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and lung NF-kappaB activation, and these effects were significantly reversed by yohimbine.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.