Chemoprotectant Amifostine With Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Solid Tumors
Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors · Neuroblastoma · Sarcoma
Enrolment: 13 · Results not recorded
Loading the evidence…
Drug · Prodrug. Scavenge of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites of cisplatin
1 linked trials carry an injury-indication flag. These flags support record-level exploration and sit alongside the stringent aggregate counts described in Methods.
Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors · Neuroblastoma · Sarcoma
Enrolment: 13 · Results not recorded
Drug/Agent Toxicity by Tissue/Organ
Enrolment not recorded · Results not recorded
Head and Neck Cancer · Lung Cancer · Lymphoma
Enrolment: 452 · Results not recorded
Head and Neck Cancer
Enrolment: 296 · Results not recorded
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms · Salivary Gland Diseases · Mucositis
Enrolment: 360 · Results not recorded
Breast Cancer · Lung Cancer · Lymphoma · Ovarian Cancer
Enrolment: 20 · Results not recorded
Drug/Agent Toxicity by Tissue/Organ · Lung Cancer
Enrolment not recorded · Results not recorded
Dysphagia · Head and Neck Cancer · Mucositis · Xerostomia
Enrolment: 41 · Results not recorded
Neutropenia · Sarcoma
Enrolment: 130 · Results not recorded
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Enrolment: 10 · Results not recorded
Anemia · Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Enrolment: 50 · Results not recorded
Drug/Agent Toxicity by Tissue/Organ · Lung Cancer · Radiation Toxicity
Enrolment: 20 · Results not recorded
Head and Neck Cancer
Enrolment: 3 · Results not recorded
Head and Neck Cancer
Enrolment: 21 · Results not recorded
Lymphoma
Enrolment: 20 · Results not recorded
Colorectal Cancer
Enrolment: 23 · Results not recorded
Lung Cancer · Radiation Toxicity
Enrolment: 73 · Results not recorded
Drug/Agent Toxicity by Tissue/Organ · Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm
Enrolment: 8 · Results not recorded
Recurrent Melanoma · Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer
Enrolment: 42 · Results not recorded
Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific
Enrolment: 20 · Results not recorded
12 studies reported at therapy level; 12 evidence entries itemised.
Model: Single-dose electron beam irradiation of the hind leg at 20 to 60 Gy and 13 to 17 Gy/min producing acute skin desquamation
Dose modifying factors of 1.7 to 2.1 were obtained when WR-2721 was given 30 to 60 minutes before irradiation, compared with only 1.1 to 1.3 at 5 minutes and intermediate values at 10 and 15 minutes. Factors rose slightly faster and to slightly higher values after intravenous than intraperitoneal i…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.82. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Total body irradiation with caesium-137 at the LD50/30 to LD70/30 dose, dose rate 0.62 to 0.67 Gy per minute, delivered in the morning when mice were most radiosensitive
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline and neomycin all significantly increased mean survival time of decedent mice, while only ciprofloxacin (p = 0.061) and doxycycline plus neomycin (p = 0.005) showed some effect on 30-day survival. Amifostine 400 mg/kg and Neupogen 125 microgram/kg significant…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Total-body irradiation from a 60Co source at 7.2 and 8.5 Gy delivered at a dose rate of 0.04 Gy per minute, producing acute radiation syndrome
Prophylactic CCM-Ami gave both a survival benefit and haematopoietic protection relative to excipient control and free amifostine after 7.2 and 8.5 Gy total-body irradiation, and plasma concentrations of the active metabolite WR-1065 were higher in CCM-Ami treated than amifostine treated mice, indi…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.72. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single-dose gamma irradiation causing acute damage to jejunum, testis, lung and hair follicles, with a syngeneic fibrosarcoma also assessed
WR-2721 increased radioresistance of jejunal epithelial cells by a factor of 1.64 and of spermatogenic cells by 1.54, with a smaller factor of 1.24 for hair loss. It did not reduce radiation-induced acute lung damage as measured by lung tumour nodule formation and instead augmented the radiation-in…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.75. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single 20 Gy cranial irradiation
Amifostine before 20 Gy cranial irradiation did not significantly change Morris water maze cognitive performance in infant rats.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.6. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single dose 15 Gy unilateral kidney irradiation
Amifostine pretreatment markedly prevented radiation-induced acute and late glomerular, tubular and interstitial fibrotic damage in rat kidney.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single 20 Gy dose of radiotherapy delivered to the scrotal field, causing acute testicular damage
Both amifostine plus radiotherapy and l-carnitine plus radiotherapy groups had significantly greater mean seminiferous tubule diameters (p = 0.003 and p = 0.032) and significantly lower malondialdehyde (p < 0.004 and p < 0.012) than the irradiation-only group. The two agents had a similar radioprot…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Acute radiation enteritis after 20 Gy abdominopelvic irradiation
Amifostine significantly reduced radiation-related bacterial overgrowth in the caecal content but did not significantly reduce bacterial translocation.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.75. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single 20 Gy whole-cranium irradiation
Apoptosis increased significantly at 12 h in the radiotherapy arm (p=0.029) and was lower with amifostine across the three time points (p=0.008), and late electron microscopic damage scores were lower with amifostine (p<0.001).
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.85. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Single 30 Gy irradiation of bilateral buccal mucosa causing acute oral mucositis
Topical amifostine at 50 mg and 100 mg reduced macroscopic mucositis scores to 2.9 plus or minus 0.6 and 2.4 plus or minus 1.1 respectively versus 4.4 plus or minus 0.7 for saline plus radiotherapy, with no significant difference between the two doses. Histology and ICAM-1 expression showed corresp…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Bilateral total body cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, midline dose 9.2 Gy at 0.6 Gy/min
Both agents alone improved 30-day survival relative to vehicle (6%), and every combination group reached 100% survival. With GT3 50 mg/kg, GT3 alone gave 75%, amifostine 50 mg/kg 87.5% and amifostine 30 mg/kg 37.5%; with GT3 25 mg/kg, GT3 alone gave 50%, amifostine 30 mg/kg 44% and amifostine 50 mg…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.93. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.
Model: Acute radiation injury of the colon following irradiation
Intracolonic WR 2721 produced a radioprotective effect with a dose modifying factor of 1.8 relative to controls, with no systemic absorption detected, supporting a rationale for clinical trial.
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.8. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.