Betaine inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 responses and restores intestinal microbiota in acute liver failure mice.
MixedEndotoxin/LPSMalen = 18 male mice randomly allocated to three groups (normal, mo…Intragastric (oral gavage) in vivo; medium addition in vitro800 mg/kg per day in vivo; 3.4, 5.1 and 6.8 mM in vitroPretreatment started one week before acute liver failure induction
Model: Acute liver failure induced by intraperitoneal D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg) plus lipopolysaccharide (100 micrograms/kg); in vitro LPS (1 microgram/ml) stimulation of IEC-18 cells
Betaine pretreatment reduced hepatocyte necrosis and preserved small intestinal villous architecture, lowered serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin, decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-18, suppressed TLR4 and MyD88 expression, raised (ZO)-1 and occludin expression, reduced intestinal permeability an…
Extraction: extract · Supplied extraction confidence: 0.9. Machine-extracted fields require source verification.