Midazolam-Resistant Seizures and Brain Injury after Acute Intoxication of Diisopropylfluorophosphate, an Organophosphate Pesticide and Surrogate for Nerve Agents.
RatChemical/toxinSprague-DawleyMaleIntramuscular0.2 to 5 mg/kgGiven 10, 40 minutes or later after DFP exposure
Model: Acute diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication producing behavioural and electroencephalographic seizures and status epilepticus, with hippocampal and amygdalar neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation assessed 3 days after exposure
Midazolam controlled seizures, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation when given 10 minutes after DFP exposure, but efficacy fell substantially when treatment was delayed to 40 minutes or later, confirming benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus after organophosphate intoxication.
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