Early low-anticoagulant desulfated heparin after traumatic brain injury: Reduced brain edema and leukocyte mobilization is associated with improved watermaze learning ability weeks after injury.
MouseTBIControlled cortical impactCD1Malen = 66 mice in total; intravital microscopy series n = 46 (13,…Subcutaneous injection25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg; vehicle 0.9% saline 1 mL/kgFirst dose 2 hours after controlled cortical impact
Model: Severe controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury; 4 mm left craniotomy, 3 mm impactor tip, 6 m/s, 1.0 mm cortical deformation
Both doses reduced pial leukocyte rolling and albumin leakage and improved Garcia scores at 48 hours, 50 mg/kg reduced injured hemisphere oedema, and 25 mg/kg improved probe trial memory 17 days after injury.
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