Cortisol-induced immune suppression by a blockade of lymphocyte egress in traumatic brain injury
MouseTBIControlled cortical impactC57BL/6Femalen = Ten sections from five injured brains per group for histolo…Intraperitoneal injectionHydrocortisone 10 mg/kg; S1P 5 micromol/kg; rolipram 30 mic…S1P or rolipram injected immediately after traumatic brain injury; hydrocortiso…
Model: Closed head mild traumatic brain injury by standard controlled cortical impact on the left lateral hemisphere with intact skull and scalp; 2 mm diameter flat tip, 2 mm punch depth, 4.9 plus or minus 0.2 m/s velocity, 80 ms contact time, yielding neurological severity score 3 to 5 at 1 h
Endogenous cortisol rose sharply 1 h after mild TBI and was inversely correlated with circulating lymphocytes; blocking that effect with S1P or rolipram restored circulating T cells but increased inflammatory mediator expression, T cell infiltration and cell death at the impact site, indicating tha…
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