Four decades of research.
Almost no new drugs in use.
Of 333 drugs studied in trauma models from 1980–2020, none of this preclinical work produced an attributable new trauma-drug approval. Explore the evidence behind that result.
Almost none approved.
Find the evidence that matters.
For researchers asking what comes next.
For teams deciding where to invest their effort.
Has this approach reached humans?
Follow a therapy from rodent studies to registered clinical trials and reported regulatory status.
Explore therapiesWhat happened to the mechanism?
Look beyond individual compounds. Explore mechanism classes, clinical setbacks and gaps in the evidence.
Explore mechanismsHow strong is the evidence?
Return to the underlying publications, inspect provenance and understand the limits of each finding.
Explore studiesA searchable map of
40 years of acute-injury research.
The Pebble Trauma Atlas is a free resource covering 5,033 publications and 2,752 therapies tested in small-animal models of acute injury between 1980 and 2020. Each therapy is followed through to human trials, reported regulatory status and post-approval outcomes.
Coverage and definitions are visible throughout. The research window is 1980–2020; clinical and regulatory information reflects the August 2026 dataset.
The 1990–2010 core of this evidence base is examined in our peer-reviewed systematic review in PLOS ONE .
Read the methods and limitations